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社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者对疾病认知、认可、认同程度调查

2016-05-30李萍王彩霞张超垒

上海医药 2016年8期
关键词:认知慢性阻塞性肺疾病

李萍+王彩霞+张超垒

摘 要 目的:探讨社区慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者对自身疾病认知、认可、认同的程度。方法:2013年1—4月采用自行设计的问卷对社区慢阻肺稳定期患者120例进行调查,内容包括一般资料、对疾病认知、认可、认同程度。结果:随着年龄的增加,患者对疾病的认知方面的程度显著增加(P<0.05);慢阻肺综合评估在疾病认知、认可、认同程度中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者随着疾病的不断加重、患病时间长,对疾病的认知、认可、认同程度也在不断增加。结论:应加强社区主动宣传教育,将慢阻肺防控知识传授给患者,提高患者对疾病的认知、认可、认同程度,改变患者对疾病不利的行为,减缓疾病发展速度,提高生活质量。

关键词 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 认知 认可 认同

中图分类号:R563 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)08-0050-03

The investigation of the disease awareness, recognition and identification of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease*

LI Ping, WANG Caixia, ZHANG Chaolei

(Pengpuxinchun Community Health Service Center of Zhabei District, Shanghai 200435, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the degrees of awareness, recognition and identification of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) for their illness in the community. Methods: From Jan. to April 2013, 120 cases of COPD were investigated by the self-designed questionnaire in the community, and the investigation contents included the general information, and the degrees of awareness, recognition, and identification for the disease. Results: With the increase of age, the degree of awareness of the patients for their disease was significantly increased(P<0.05). The comprehensive evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had the statistical significance in awareness, recognition and identification(P<0.05). With the aggravation of the disease and long duration of disease, awareness, recognition and identification of the patients for the disease also increased. Conclusion: The community initiative propaganda and education should be strengthened, the knowledge of prevention and control of COPD was imparted to the patients to improve awareness, recognition and identification of the patients for their disease, alter the behavior of patients against diseases, slow down the progression of the disease, and improve the quality of their lives.

KEY WORD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; awareness; recognition and identification

认知、认可、认同是患者对自身疾病认识的不同阶段。认知是认识和感知,指患者通过各种方式获得有关自己疾病的各种知识,是被动地接受,也是认识的基础;认可是许可或同意,指患者同意或许可了上述各种知识或信息,但未必转化为自身观点;认同是赞同或承认同意,指患者接受了上述知识或信息,并从主观上转变为自身的观念。从长远观点来讲,只有当慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患者真正掌握了医疗知识和防治技术,他们从以往的消极被动地接受治疗变为防病、治病的主体时,才算是康复最终目的和最高目标[1]。慢阻肺患者急性期在二、三级医院治疗结束进入稳定期后,在社区、家庭进行延续康复是非常重要的,这就要求社区主动承担对稳定期患者进行干预和管理。本文采用自制问卷对彭浦社区稳定期慢阻肺患者进行调查,现将结果报告如下。

1 对象与方法

1.1 调查对象

选择年龄51~80岁之间的社区患者120例,其中男59例,女61例,平均年龄(68.08±8.32)岁。入选标准:①符合《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断、处理和预防全球策略(2011年修订版)》中慢阻肺诊断和分级标准[2];……

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