赵纯峰+方沂+江徽

摘 要 目的：分析杨浦区五角场街道社区2012—2014年手足口病监测数据的流行病学特征，为科学合理地预防控制手足口病提供依据。方法：采用描述和分析性流行病学方法，对五角场街道社区2012—2014年报告的手足口病病例进行统计分析。结果：2012—2014年，五角场街道社区累计报告手足口病482例，无重症及死亡病例，年均发病率为110.03/105；发病高峰期集中在4-7月份，流行高峰有延迟现象；人群的发病特征以5岁及以下散居和幼托儿童为主，男性发病率高于女性，差异有统计学意义（χ2=23.34，P<0.01）；非户籍发病率高于户籍，差异有统计学意义（χ2=20.19，P<0.01）。结论：手足口病是社区重点防控传染病之一，应加强5岁及以下儿童手足口病防控工作，以流动人口聚居区散居儿童和托幼机构儿童为防控重点，加强疫情的监测和控制，广泛开展健康教育，落实综合防治措施，防止其爆发流行。

关键词 手足口病 流行病学 特征 发病率

中图分类号：R725.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）08-0047-03

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wujiaochang Community of Yangpu District from 2012 to 2014

ZHAO Chunfeng， FANG Yi， JIANG Hui

（Wujiaochang Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District， Shanghai， 200434， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the monitoring data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Wujiaochang Community of Yangpu District from 2012 to 2014 to provide the basis for its scientific and reasonable prevention and control. Methods： The epidemiological method of description and analysis was used to statistically analyze the cases of handfoot-mouth disease reported from 2012 to 2014 in Wujiaochang Community. Results： From 2012 to 2014， 482 cases of handfoot-mouth disease were cumulatively reported in Wujiaochang Community， there were no death and severe cases and the annual incidence was 110.03/100 000. The morbidity peak was from April to July， and the epidemic peak had the delaying phenomenon. The incidence characteristics of population was the scattered children and children in the kindergarten under five years old， and the incidence of the male was higher than the one of the female， and the differences had the statistical significance（χ2=23.34， P<0.01）. The incidence of the non-household registration pupils was higher than that of the household registration ones， and the differences had the statistical significance（χ2=20.19， P<0.01）. Conclusion： Hand-foot-mouth disease is one of the key infectious diseases for prevention and control in the community， and it should be strengthened to prevent and control hand-footmouth disease in the children under 5 years old. The community scattered children of the floating population and children in the kindergarten are as the focus for prevention and control to strengthen the epidemic monitoring and control， to extensively develop the health education， and put into the comprehensive prevention and control measures into practice to prevent its outbreak.

KEY WORDS hand-foot-mouth disease； epidemiology； characteristics； incidence

手足口病是由多种肠道病毒（EV）引起的常见传染病，以婴幼儿发病为主，主要通过人群密切接触、患者分泌物以及污染的水、食物和各类用具传播[1]。为了解近年来上海市杨浦区五角场街道社区手足口病流行状况和特征，掌握其分布规律和流行趋势，本文对五角场街道社区2012—2014年手足口病发病情况进行分析，探索手足口病的流行特征，为以后采取更科学有效的防控措施提供参考依据。

1 资料与方法

1.1 资料来源

病例资料来源于中国疾病预防控制系统2012—2014年报告的所有属于杨浦区五角场街道社区共482例手足口病的个案信息。人口资料来源于中国疾病控制信息报告系统。

1.2 统计方法

用软件SPSS 18.0进行数据处理，计数资料用率表示，组间比较采用χ2检验，以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 疫情情况

2012—2014年，五角场街道社区共报告手足口病例482例，3年手足口病的发病数分别为137例、122例和223例，无重症及死亡病例发生。……