上海市某中学水痘暴发疫情调查分析
2016-05-30许闯李物华魏大伟
许闯+李物华+魏大伟
摘 要 目的:通过分析上海市某中学一起水痘爆发疫情的流行病学特征,为以后更好地处置水痘爆发疫情提供参考依据。方法:对2013年10月—12月40例水痘疫情开展现场流行病学调查,采用描述性流行病学方法分析流行病学特征。结果:在40例中,罹患率5.7%(40/707),患者年龄介于14~15岁。有水痘免疫接种史的27例,占67.5%,水痘疫苗接种组与未接种组间发病率有统计学差异(χ2=4.31,P<0.05)。结论:提高学校晨检质量,及时发现并隔离水痘病例,相对隔离发病班级,加强消毒及健康教育,提高水痘疫苗接种率,发病学生返校须有医院开具的证明,这些是预防和控制水痘疫情的有效措施。
关键词 水痘 暴发 学校 流行病学特征
中图分类号:R511.5 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)08-0053-03
Investigation and analysis of an outbreak of chickenpox in a middle school in Shanghai
XU Chuang, LI Wuhua, WEI Dawei
(Fenglin Community Health Service Center of Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the epidemiologic feature of an outbreak of chickenpox in a middle school of Shanghai to provide a reference for dealing with the outbreak of chickenpox well in the future. Methods: From Oct. to Dec. 2013, the field epidemiological investigation of the chickenpox outbreak of 40 cases was carried out, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics. Results: In 40 cases, the attack rate was 5.7%(40/707), and the age of the cases ranged from 14 to 15 years old. There were 27 cases with the history of chickenpox immunization, accounting for 67.5%, and the incidence between the varicella vaccination group and non vaccinated group had the statistical difference(χ2=4.31, P<0.05). Conclusion: To improve the quality of school morning inspection, timely detect and isolate the cases of chickenpox, relatively isolate the class with the infected students, strengthen disinfection and health education, improve the vaccination rate of chickenpox vaccine, and allow the students to return to school with the proof issued by the hospital are these effective measures for prevention and control of varicella epidemic.
KEY WORDS chickenpox; outbreak; school; epidemiologic feature
水痘是由水痘—带状疱疹病毒所引起的急性呼吸道传染病,多见于儿童,临床上以轻微和全身症状和皮肤、黏膜分批出现迅速发展的斑疹、丘疹、疱疹与结痂为特征,易造成小区域群体性的流行。2013年10月24日—12月6日,上海市徐汇区某中学陆续发生40例水痘病例,我们对该中学所有水痘病例进行了流行病学调查,分析病例间相互联系,通过加强晨检、严格消毒、开展应急接种及隔离病例等措施,及时有效的控制了疫情发展,现将这起水痘突发疫情情况进行分析,为以后学校水痘疫情的预防和控制提供参考依据。
1 资料与方法
1.1 调查对象
本次水痘病例共计40例。病例分布在初二和初三2个年级共5个班级,发病年龄都集中在13~14岁。
1.2 分析方法
在病例治愈返校后1周内,采用统一的调查表《集体机构水痘病例临床表现、流行病史及费用支出个案调查表》对发病病例的基本情况、临床表现和流行病学及免疫史进行调查。调查问卷通过EpiData 3.1录入计算机,运用SPSS 13.0进行统计描述及分析,率的比较用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。……
