朱捷+黄慧+张峰英+杭晶卿+汪睿+陈培凤+顾卫联

摘 要 目的：对普陀区长征镇婴幼儿（2岁内）过敏性疾病患病情况分析。方法：以2008年1月至12月期间在社区卫生服务中心儿保门诊建卡孕妇为调查对象进行问卷调查。并跟踪随访其分娩后婴儿至2岁。纳入调查对象母婴746对，对完成全部问卷的684名婴儿数据进行数据处理分析。结果：调查显示长征镇地区婴幼儿0～2岁湿疹、过敏性皮疹、喘息患病率分别是27.9%、18.9%、3.9%。从各阶段患病情况看湿疹在0～6月的患病率最高19.88%，过敏性皮疹在19～24月患病率最高（10.69%），婴儿喘息各阶段的患病率无明显差异。结论：长征镇684名婴儿0～2岁过敏性疾病患病率较高，婴儿喘息的患病率虽然为3.9%，但与十年前上海地区的患病率相比已有明显上升趋势。

关键词 哮喘 湿疹 婴儿 队列研究

中图分类号：R593.1/R722.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）08-0056-02

Analysis of the prevalence of allergic diseases in 684 infants in Changzheng Community

ZHU Jie， HUANG Hui， ZHANG Fengying， HANG Jingqing， WANG Rui， CHEN Peifeng， GU Weilian（1.Changzheng Community Health Service Center of Putuo District， Shanghai 200333， China； 2. Putuo District Peoples Hospital， Putuo

District， Shanghai 200060， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the prevalence of allergic diseases in the infants within 2 years old in Changzheng Community of Putuo District. Methods： The pregnant women whose health cards were established in the child care clinic of the community health service center from Jan. to Dec. 2008 were as the research objects and were investigated with a questionnaire. Their infants were followed up from the birth to 2 years old. 746 pairs of mothers and infants were selected into the survey， and 684 of them completed the full questionnaire and the data were analyzed. Results： This survey showed that the prevalence rates of eczema， allergic rashes and wheezing were 27.9%， 18.9% and 27.9% in the infants of 0 to 2 years old in Changzheng Area， respectively. From all stages of illness， the highest prevalence of eczema and allergic rashes were 19.88% from 0 to six months old and 10.69% in the infants of 19-24 months old， and the prevalence of wheezing had no obvious difference. Conclusion： The prevalence of allergic rashes is high in 684 infants of 0～2 years old in Changzheng Community， and although the prevalence of infant wheezing is 3.9%， there has been a significant increasing trend compared with the prevalence ten years ago in Shanghai.

KEY WORDS infant； asthma； eczema； cohort study

近来过敏性疾病已成为全球共同关注的话题，婴幼儿的过敏性疾病发病率也呈逐年上升趋势，婴幼儿的过敏性疾病如哮喘、过敏性鼻炎、湿疹是常见的慢性疾病，其发病率高、易反复发作，严重危害儿童的身心健康和正常生活，如果没有及早认识和干预，很可能延续至成人。

本研究通过问卷调查婴儿过敏性疾病的发病情况、喂哺情况和生活环境等，从婴儿出生随访至2岁。希望对本地区出生的婴儿过敏性疾病有所了解，为今后的防治工作打下基础。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

2008年1月—12月期间在上海市普陀区长征镇社区卫生服务中心门诊建卡孕妇进行问卷调查，并跟踪分娩后婴儿随访至2岁，共746对母婴。……