金首文 周靖轩 高兴军 肖鹏飞 陈斌

摘  要：应用型人才培养是社会经济高速发展和国家现代化建设的重要一环。如今我们正走在中华民族伟大复兴的重要节点，在这个特殊时期，需要培养的是兼具知识、技术与应用、创新创业能力等多方面全方位能力的人才队伍。为提高学生对专业的认同度，锻炼职业技能与岗位能力，培养创新创业能力，人才培养模式改革至关重要。该文以珍珠生态养殖与开发特色班为例，剖析国内珍珠养殖现状与应用型创新人才培养存在的困难。探讨珍珠生态养殖产业中应用型创新创业人才培养体系的构建与实践，为珍珠产业发展与高校应用型创新人才培养提供参考。

关键词：应用型人才;珍珠生态养殖;人才培养;创新创业;体系构建

中图分类号：C961      文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2024）17-0073-04

Abstract： The training of applied talents is an important part of the rapid development of social economy and national modernization. Now we are at an important juncture of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In this special period， it is necessary to cultivate a team of talents with knowledge， technology and application， innovation and entrepreneurship.In order to improve students' recognition of their major， exercise their vocational skills and job ability， and cultivate students' ability of innovation and entrepreneurship， the reform of personnel training mode is very important. In this paper， the characteristic class of pearl ecological culture and development is taken as an example to analyze the current situation of domestic pearl culture and the difficulties in the cultivation of applied innovative talents. This paper discusses the construction and practice of the training system of applied innovative and entrepreneurial talents in pearl ecological culture industry， and provides reference for the development of pearl industry and the training of applied innovative talents in colleges and universities.

Keywords： applied talents; pearl ecological culture; personnel training; innovation and entrepreneurship; system construction

珍珠是由贝类内分泌活动形成的含碳酸钙的矿物珠粒物质，其由大量细小的霰石结晶聚合而成，是由套层内部的下层真珠物质围绕不黏附于外壳的外来颗粒聚集所产生的致密凝聚体。其形状多种多样，颜色以白色为主。根据成分，珍珠有自然珍珠和人工培植珍珠两类。据《尚书·禹贡》记录“淮夷宾珠”，其实早在约四千年前的我国夏禹时期，就开始出现人为采珠的行为了。新中国成立初期，中国的宝珠畜牧业基本处在一片空白阶段。周总理曾于1957年作出重要指示“要把南珠产量搞上去，要把几千年落后的天然采珠改为人力饲养”，1958年毛主席指出：“旧社会劳动民众辛勤刻苦采珠进贡皇上，现在我们饲养珠要为社会主义，为人民服务”，这大大促进了中国宝珠畜牧业的蓬勃发展。……