蔺用 张宏伟 党波 郭宇飞

摘要：通过对卧式车床主轴箱润滑系统进行深度分析研究，发现润滑油流动分散、润滑效率低。于是采用一种更加合理科学润滑方式改进，以此来提高润滑效率。采用结构设计与建模、油路规划仿真、对管道内润滑油流动情况力学分析、现场管道布置和安装调试等方法，把现有飞溅式润滑系统成功改为喷油式润滑系统。同时对改进前后优缺点进行分析对比，体现出更高实用价值。改进后经过测试车床运行更加稳定，大幅降低运行噪音，长时间使用效果良好，充分证实这是一种更加高效、精准的润滑方式。在提高工作效率同时延长车床使用寿命，研究成果值得机床厂家推广使用。

Abstract： Through in-depth analysis and Research on the lubrication system of horizontal lathe headstock， it is found that the flow of lubricating oil is dispersed and the lubrication efficiency is low. Therefore， a more reasonable and scientific lubrication method is adopted to improve the lubrication efficiency. By means of structural design and modeling， oil path planning simulation， mechanical analysis of lubricating oil flow in pipeline， on-site pipeline layout， installation and commissioning， the existing splash lubrication system was successfully changed into oil injection lubrication system. At the same time， the advantages and disadvantages before and after the improvement are analyzed and compared， reflecting higher practical value. After the improvement， the lathe runs more stable， greatly reduces the running noise， and has good effect after long-term use， which fully proves that this is a more efficient and accurate lubrication method. In order to improve the working efficiency and prolong the service life of lathe， the research results are worthy of promotion and use by machine tool manufacturers.

关键词：卧式车床主轴箱;喷油式;润滑系统;设计与研究;实践

Key words： headstock of horizontal lathe;oil injection type;lubrication system;design and research;practice

中图分类号：TH122                                        文獻标识码：A                                文章编号：1674-957X（2021）16-0026-03

0  引言

机床是工业制造母机[1]，而车床加工是机械制造基础，车床发展与制造对国民经济有着重要支撑。一台车床运行效率高低，主轴箱中润滑系统起着关键作用。高效、精密、稳定一直是我国车床发展永恒目标。近年来随着科学技术飞速发展，对机械零件加工精度和加工机床要求越来越高，促使机械制造产品也加快更新换代步伐。各车床厂家为适应形势多变的市场需求，使机床制造业正朝着智能、高效、稳定、易维修的方向发展[2]。车床主轴箱处在传动系统最关键核心部位，其承载着主动力传递和保证主轴运行精度的重要作用，它的润滑效果直接决定了机床使用寿命。……