杜艳迎

摘 要 “塑性成形基本原理”是机械设计与制造专业本科生的一门重要的专业基础课。该课程概念和公式比较多，理论性、实践性都比较强， 学生在学习过程中存在一定的困难。为了提高学生的学习兴趣，加深对基本概念的理解，在传统教学讲授的基础上，与先进教学手段相结合，引导学生利用所学的知识，通过科学计算软件解决问题。以弹塑性材料单轴拉伸过程为例说明，如何将课程的基本理论如屈服准则，塑性流动法则，塑性强化准则等应用于实际问题分析，并将推导的公式使用Matlab软件编写相应的程序，获得最终的结果。通过理论联系实际，开展教学设计，以项目和问题为导向，激发了学生的学习兴趣，培养学生的综合素质和解决问题的能力。该方法也为类似课程的学习和教学提供了有益的参考。

关键词 Matlab 塑性成形 实践 教学设计

中图分类号：G424                                   文献标识码：A    DOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.10.047

Abstract The "Basic Principles of Plastic Forming" is an important basic course for undergraduate of mechanical design and manufacture. There are many concepts and formulas in this course， with much requirement in theory and practice. And students have some difficulties in learning. In order to improve students' interest in learning and get a better understanding of basic concepts， traditional teaching is combined with advanced teaching means. Students are guided to use the knowledge they have learned to solve problems through scientific computing software. A concrete example of uniaxial tensile process of elastic - plastic material is given to illustrate how to apply the basic concepts and theories of the course， such as yield criteria， plastic flow law， plastic strengthening criterion etc. to the analysis of practical problems， and use the Matlab software to write the corresponding programs to obtain the final results. Through combining theory with practice， teaching design is carried out， which is guided by projects and problems， which stimulates students' interest in learning and cultivates students' comprehensive quality and ability to solve problems. This method also provides a useful reference for the study and teaching of similar courses.

Keywords Matlab; plastic forming; practice; teaching design

0 引言

金屬塑性成形原理是高等院校材料加工及相关专业的一门专业基础课，该课程是研究和探讨金属塑性加工中的基础和规律的一门科学。课程数学理论推导较多，内容比较抽象，课程难度较大，如何在有限的课程教学时间内让学生深入理解教学内容，在老师教授的基础上，使学生爱学，主动学习是该课程教学目标，也是难点之一。进行课程教学方法改革，配套实践环节与课程学习进行同步，强化理论在实践中的应用，才能使学生更好地理解所学知识。

在实际结构中，材料往往处于复杂的受力状态，为了使学生更好地理解材料弹塑性变形的求解过程，可以基于单向拉伸的简单情况进行介绍。……