“船舶静力学”课程教学内容的分析与思考
2021-01-10张正艺解德袁华孙江龙
张正艺 解德 袁华 孙江龙
摘要“船舶静力学”课程是“船舶与海洋工程(081901)”专业本科教学的基础性专业核心课程。课程目的是培养学生完成船舶在静力载荷或等效静力载荷作用下的浮性与稳性的分析能力,其内容涉及流体静力学、理论力学、微积分、数值方法等多个方面。为了建设新时代“船舶与海洋工程(081901)”专业的课程体系,作者对国内设置船舶与海洋工程类高校课程教材内容进行了对比和聚类分析,并据此确定了“船舶静力学”课程的基本共性内容。这些共性内容主要包括船体几何描述、流体静力学、船舶浮性、船舶稳性、船舶静水力资料、重物的状态改变、自由液面、进水与破舱等八个方面。在上述分析的基础之上编写的课程讲义或教材,有望取得更好的教学效果。
关键词 船舶静力学 课程体系建设 教学改革
中图分类号:G424文献标识码:ADOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.16.028
Content System Analysis for the Course of Ship Hydrostatics and Stability
ZHANG Zhengyi[1][2][3], XIE De[1][2][3], YUAN Hua[1][2][3], SUN Jianglong[1][2][3]
([1]School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074;
[2]Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Data Techniques and Supporting Software for Ships(DTSSS), Wuhan, Hubei 430074
[3]CollaborationInnovationCenterforAdvancedShipandDeep-SeaExploration(CISSE),Shanghai200240)
AbstractThe course of ship hydrostatics and stability is a basic and core course of undergraduate program of Naval ArchitectureandOceanEngineering(081901).Theaimofthiscourseistotraintheundergraduatestudentstohavethecapability to accomplish the hydrostatic analysis of ship under static or equivalent static loads, which mainly involves the knowledge of hydrostatics, theoretical mechanics, calculus, andnumerical methods, andso on. Inordertoconstructthe curriculum system in thenewerafortheundergraduateprogram of“Naval ArchitectureandOcean Engineering(081901)”,the authorscompare the textbooks adopted by the domestic universities, and make a cluster analysis to determine the basic common contents of this course.Thesecommoncontentsmainlyincludedescriptionofhullgeometry,basichydrostatics,shiphydrostatics,intactstability, hydrostaticdata, changes ofmass loads, free surface of water, and floodingand damage condition.The textbookwritten based ontheabove analysisisexpectedtohaveapositiveimpacton theteaching effectivenessofthecourse.
KeywordsShip Hydrostatics and Stability; construction of the curriculum system; teaching reform
1课程的基本特征
毋庸置疑,“船舶与海洋工程(081901)”本科专业的人才培养是实现“海洋强国”战略目标的重要支撑力量。[1]
在船舶与海洋本科教学中,“船舶静力学”课程具有“承前启后”的基本特征。所谓“承前”,就是“船舶静力学”是流体力学、理论力学、微积分、数值方法等工科类本科通识类知识在解决船舶与海洋工程专业类问题时的首次应用。展开“船舶静力学”的教学工作,是学生理论知识与实践有利于学生掌握船舶在静止时的基本规律。所谓“启后”,就是“船舶静力学”不可避免的引入了大量表征船舶几何特征和状态特征的专业术语和专業概念,例如船体的主尺度、船形系数、尺度比、干舷、横倾和纵倾、破舱等。……
