输入与输出假说的实证性研究
2009-04-21郭红戚德山
郭 红 戚德山
提 要:本文采用实证法探讨“以听导说”教学模式的可行性,强调以听的形式输入知识,在学习者头脑中创建一个有声的信息库。知识输入环节结束后,训练产出技能——口语表达,激活存储在学习者头脑中的相关信息,使学习者在运用第二语言的过程中加强对语言问题的明确注意,进一步刺激他们的认知机制,使他们在巩固已学知识的基础上逐步培养语言综合运用能力。实验数据表明,采用新型教学模式授课的实验班,经过为期三个月的训练后,口语能力提高幅度为15%,高于对照班5%,证明“以听导说”教学模式在培养学习者转化知识为技能这一能力方面具有优势,能够提高教学效率。
关键词:听力水平; 口语能力; 接受技能; 产出技能
中图分类号:H319.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-0100(2009)01-0132-4
An Empirical Study of the Input Hypothesis and the Output Hypothesis
Guo Hong Qi De-shan
(Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080)
Based on the flowing direction of knowledge, the 4 skills of learning English, listening, speaking, reading and writing can be divided into 2 groups, with listening and reading being the input skills while speaking being the output skills. The improving of input skills has more influence on the enrichment of knowledge than on increasing the ability of picking up knowledge. Aiming at increasing the learners speaking ability, a new teaching model-improving speaking ability through the strengthening of listening is carried out. Relative statistics show the speaking ability of the experimental class increases by 15%, 5% higher than that of the control class, which proves the efficiency of the new teaching model in helping to turn knowledge into skills. The empirical method is applied.
Key words:listening level; speaking ability; input skills; output skills
1 引言
Stephen Krashen(1985)提出“输入假说”(the input hypothesis)理论,即要使语言习得得以发生,有必要让学习者理解略高于现有水平的语言结构(i+1),利用情景提示理解这些语言,最后自然产生语言能力,无须直接传授(马锦然 石素文 2004:44)。因此,通过提高学习者接受技能(听和读)来促进其知识储备量逐渐增加,在高校英语教学中十分盛行。当前各高校为非英语专业学生开设的英语课主要以精读和听力为主,单独开设写作课和口语课的情况比较少见。即使个别高校已经将精读课调整为读写课,听力课调整为听说课,但是由于种种客观条件限制,花在培养学习者说和写产出技能上的功夫还不够。当前,这一传统的课程设置方式虽然有其合理成分,但长期以来所忽视的问题是:学习者接受技能提高的同时,其产出技能一定会随之提高吗?……
