罗依娜

提 要：我国的外语教学先后把语言的结构、功能、心理、文化等方面作为自己研究的重点。同时，人们把外语教学视为师生之间的合作行为，先后强调教师、学生或师生互动的重要性。回溯我国的外语教学，学生一般从中学甚至小学开始学习外语，但到大学毕业也不能自如地同外国人交际。这在一定程度上影响到我国国际竞争力的提升。文章从对比语言学出发，考察外语教学，得出结论：外语教学与对比语言学一样，其实就是母语与外语之间的语际转换；重点是发现并处理两种语言之间的差异，实现相应的语际转换，进而培养学生的这种转换能力。

关键词：对比语言学；外语教学；差异；转换

中图分类号：H319.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-0100(2009)01-0129-3

Foreign Language Teaching from the Perspective of Contrastive Linguistics

Luo Yi-na

(Hunan First Normal University, Changsha 410002, China)

Foreign language teaching in China emphasizes language structure, function, psychology, and culture successively. At the same time, foreign language teaching is seen as the co-operative action between teachers and students, and emphasizes teachers and students successively. In our country, most students start to learn a foreign language in middle school or in primary school, but they can not communicate with foreigners successfully even after graduation from college. This situation obstructs the strengthening of China's international competitive power. The paper, from the perspective of contrastive linguistics, explores foreign language teaching and arrives at the conclusion: like contrastive linguistics, foreign language teaching is the cross language transformation between the mother language and the foreign language; the key is to find out and deal with the differences between the two languages so as to realize the relevant cross language transformation.

Key words： contrastive linguistics; foreign language teaching; difference; transformation

1 引言

外语教学在我国蓬勃发展，这与我国学者的多维度不断努力密不可分。综观我国外语教学，有语法优先说，有听说优先说，也有功能领先说，还有强调文化、心理等因素者。本文通过反思对比语言学，提出自己的观点：外语教学可以并且应该以对比语言学为基础，把母语同外语之间的相同方面（简称同）作为基础和前提，把两种语言之间的不同方面（简称异）作为外语教学工作的核心。

质言之，外语教学就是母语同外语之间在异方面的转换。

2 对比语言学与不同语言之间的差异

2.1 对比语言学的界定

对比语言学（contrastive linguistics）又叫做比较语言学。它是运用对比方法研究不同语言之间异同的语言学分支学科。具体讲，这一学科的目的是通过比较、研究不同语言来揭示相应语言系统所有层级上的相同点和不同点。……