刘平 聂志平

摘 要：结合我国农业院校研究生培养目标和乡村振兴背景，该文提出涉农高校研究生乡村志愿服务能力培养理论与实践2个模型。理论模型关注我国农业高校培养什么人的问题，包含态度、知识和技能3个宏观维度，每个维度又细分为若干要素，重点关注学生的核心能力，为培养乡村志愿服务能力提供理论框架。实践模型关注如何有效培养乡村志愿服务能力，以三环结构将实质、个体、组织3个层面有机结合在一起，主要阐述个体和组织层面如何行动以实现实质层能力要素的改善。理论模型是实践模型的目标导向，实践模型是理论模型的现实形成路径。

关键词：乡村志愿服务;能力培养;理论模型;实践模型

中图分类号 G643  文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）18-0192-05

Model Construction of Rural Volunteer Service Ability Cultivation for Graduate Students in Agricultural Colleges

LIU Ping et al.

（School of Humanities and Public Administration， Jiangxi Agricultural University， Nanchang 330045， China）

Abstract： Combined with the training objectives of graduate students in agricultural colleges and the background of rural revitalization， a training model of rural volunteer service ability for graduate students in agricultual-related colleges and universities was proposed. The training model can be divided into theoretical model and practical model. The theoretical model focuses on the question of who to cultivate in agricultural colleges and universities in China， including three macro dimensions of attitude， knowledge and skills. Each dimension is subdivided into several elements， focusing on the core competencies of students， and providing a theoretical framework for the cultivation of rural volunteer service ability. The practice model focuses on how to effectively cultivate the rural volunteer service ability， organically combines the three levels of substance， individual and organization with a three-ring structure， and mainly elaborates how the individual and organizational levels take actions to improve the essential level of capacity elements. The theoretical model is the goal orientation of the practical model， and the practical model is the realistic formation path of the theoretical model.

Key words： Rural voluntary service; Ability training; Theoretical model; Practice model

1 引言

农业大学肩负着培养农业专业技术人才的重任，以培养优秀农业人才为目标，秉持着“解民生之多艰，育天下之英才”的初心。党和国家领导人高度重视农业院校的发展，习近平总书记曾于2019年9月6日给全国涉农高校的书记校和专家代表回信，表达了对学生的殷切期盼与鼓舞。农业大学与农业农村有着不可割裂的联系，在精准扶贫、乡村振兴等政策目标实现中，农业高校具有不可替代的重要作用。2016年，中国农业大学在1个国家级贫困县建设“科技小院”，通过教师与研究生常年驻村帮扶，进行定点技术服务，探索实践了更加精准的扶贫模式，使该县的支柱产业实现了“脱胎换骨”。……