安惠文

摘    要：天津市寶坻区主要气象灾害为洪涝和干旱，冰雹、雷击、沙尘等灾害天气也时有发生。气象灾害和次生灾害造成直接经济损失增加趋势明显，对农业、农村经济影响深远。探究气象灾害应急体系建设、落实气象防灾减灾救灾措施、提高应对气象灾害处置能力、降低气象灾害对各行业造成的损失迫在眉睫。通过对宝坻区气象灾害监测和预警基础业务建设、气象灾害应急组织体系、预案体系、应急队伍、设备装备、部门联动等方面调查，研究分析得出：宝坻区气象灾害应急体系建设已初见成效，在气象防灾减灾救灾中发挥着一定作用，但仍存在体系建设不完善、队伍不稳定、设备老化、灾害信息内容单一、部门合作不够深入等问题。针对存在的问题，提出对策建议：宝坻区气象灾害应急体系建设工作需得到更多重视和资金支持;要完善组织体系建设，层层压实责任;加强基层应急队伍建设，提升服务能力;气象部门要提高精细化预报和服务水平，创新灾害预警信息发布手段;要深化部门合作，提升气象综合防灾减灾能力，把灾害造成的损失降到最低。

关键词：气象灾害;应急体系建设;现状

中图分类号：P429         文献标识码：A        DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.07.013

Abstract： The main meteorological disasters in Baodi District，Tianjin are flood and drought， meanwhile hail， thunderstorm， sand and other disasters have also occurred occasionally. The direct economic losses caused by meteorological disasters and secondary disasters have been increasing obviously ， which impacted agriculture and rural economy deeply. It is extremely urgent to explore the construction of meteorological disaster emergency system， implement the measures of meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation，to improve the ability to deal with meteorological disasters and to reduce the losses caused by meteorological disasters to all industries. Through the investigation of meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning basic business construction， meteorological disaster emergency the organization system， the plan system， emergency team linkage， equipment， department linkage and so on， the research and analysis showed that： the construction of meteorological disaster emergency system in Baodi District began to bear fruit， playing a certain role in meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation， but there were still problems such as imperfect system construction， unstable team， aging equipment， single content of disaster information， and insufficient in-depth cooperation between departments. In view of the existing problems， the paper put forward some suggestions for countermeasures： the construction of meteorological disaster emergency system in Baodi District should be paid more attention and financial support; the construction of the organizational system should be improved， the responsibility of layering and compaction; the construction of the grass-roots emergency response team should be strengthened， the service capacity should be enhanced; the meteorological department should improve the fine forecast and service level， and the means of issuing disaster early warning information should be improved; the cooperation of the department should be deepened to enhance the comprehensive meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation capability， so as to minimize the losses that had been caused by disasters.

Key words： meteorological disaster; emergency system construction; status

天津市宝坻区地处华北平原北部，平均海拔3～5 m，属于暖温带半湿润大陆性季风气候，四季分明，冷暖干湿差异明显。主要气象灾害有：干旱、洪涝、暴雨、冰雹、雷击、高温、大雾、路面积冰（或长时间积雪）和大风。春旱突出，夏季高温多雨，秋季降温迅速，冬季少雪多风。……