芦娜 陈龙宾 王丽学 王永颖 魏武 魏海乐 李怀安 于化福 孙守强 刘景喜

摘    要：为研究酸化奶小群饲养技术对犊牛生长性能及腹泻率的影响，选择初生体重36～50 kg的40头母犊牛，采用完全随机设计，将犊牛分为对照组和试验组，对照组采用单栏饲养，定时定量饲喂常乳，试验组采用小群饲养，自由采食酸化奶，分析两组犊牛采食量、日增重和腹泻情况的差异，试验期65 d。结果表明，与对照组相比，试验组犊牛的液体饲料（酸化奶）采食量极显著提高61.85%（P<0.01），颗粒料采食量差异不显著（P>0.05），平均断奶日增重极显著提高30.43%（P<0.01），犊牛腹泻发病率降低25个百分点，腹泻频率降低17.75个百分点。综合说明，饲喂酸化奶可显著提高犊牛生长性能，降低腹泻率。

关键词：酸化奶;犊牛;生长性能;腹泻率

中图分类号：S823          文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.07.007

Abstract： To study the effects of small group feeding technology with acidified milk on calves growth performance and diarrhea rate， the experiment was conducted with the completely random design， 40 female calves at the birth weight of 36-50 kg were divided into control group and experimental group randomly. The control group adopted single bar feeding， quantitative feeding ordinary milk regularly， while the experimental group adopted small group feeding， feeding acidified milk freely， the differences in feed intake， daily gain， and diarrhea rate between the two groups were analyzed. The experiment lasted for 65 days. The results showed that compared with the control group， the calves' feed intake of acidified milk in the experimental groups was significantly increased by 61.85%（P<0.01）， the feed intake of pellet feed had no significant difference（P>0.05）， the average daily gain was significantly increased by 30.43% （P<0.01）， the incidence of diarrhea was decreased by 25 percentage points， and the frequency of diarrhea decreased by 17.75 percentage points. In conclusion， feeding acidified milk could significantly improve growth performance and reduce diarrhea rate of calves.

Key words： acidified milk; calves; growth performance; diarrhea rate

犢牛是奶牛场持续健康发展的基础，近年来，随着规模化奶牛场的快速发展，犊牛的健康培育备受重视，如何提高犊牛的饲养效率及成年后的产奶性能已成为奶牛养殖业需要解决的关键问题之一。目前，养殖场大多采用犊牛岛饲喂鲜牛奶或代乳粉来培育犊牛[1]，该模式存在人工成本较高、犊牛单次采食牛奶或代乳液较多，而总量受限，导致犊牛易产生腹胀腹泻，断奶体重较低等缺点，不适应现代高效健康养殖的发展需要。因此，需要寻求一种成本更低、效益更高的新型饲养模式，而酸化奶小群饲养模式因符合以上条件而逐渐被应用。酸化奶是在常乳中加入酸度调节剂制备而成的低pH值乳制品，能够延长牛奶贮存时间，提高犊牛对营养物质的消化率，改善犊牛生长性能，提高犊牛饲养的经济性，保证牛群后代的稳定性，从而产生更好的经济效益[2-3]。……