黄鸿兵 尹思慧 李潇轩 许志强 潘建林 徐幸莲 王晨宇

摘    要：体色是鱼虾的主要特征之一，鱼虾生长过程中体色会发生不同的变化。本文在已有文献的基础上，对鱼虾体色呈现、相关呈色机制、体色变化规律、体色测定方法及体色变化的内外在影响因素进行归纳总结。鱼虾体色一方面来源于自身性状的表现，受到内分泌系统、遗传、性别等内在特性的调控;另一方面，体色改变经常受到外在环境，如光照、水温、pH值、藻类、溶氧、饲料添加剂等的影响;此外，体色测定的方法也随着工业仪器和软件技术的发展而快速提高。本文可为进一步挖掘鱼虾体色的生态价值和经济价值提供参考。

关键词：鱼虾;体色;呈现;机制

中图分类号：S917           文献标识码：A         DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2021.07.009

Abstract： Body color is one of the main characteristics of fish and shrimp， and the body color will change differently during the growth of fish and shrimp. Based on the existing literature， this paper summarized the body color presentation， related color mechanism， body color change rule， body color measurement method and internal and external influencing factors of body color change of fish and shrimp. On the one hand， the body color of fish and shrimp comes from the performance of their own traits which is regulated by the endocrine system， genetics， gender and other inherent characteristics. On the other hand， body color changes are often affected by external environment， such as light， water temperature， pH， algae， dissolved oxygen， feed additives， etc.. In addition， the method of body color measurement is also rapidly improved with the development of industrial instruments and software technology. This paper could provide reference for further exploring the ecological and economic value of fish and shrimp body color.

Key words： fish and shrimp; body color; presentation; mechanism

众所周知，鱼虾都具有各种各样、丰富多彩的体色呈现。这些体色呈现在鱼虾生命周期中起着重要的作用，鱼虾需要经历体色的不断变化来适应内在及外在因素的改变[1]。多样化的体色观赏价值高，消费市场上易被消费者接受。近年来，鱼虾的体色呈现、变化规律及其分子机制逐渐被研究者们关注。围绕现有的研究基础，本文就鱼虾体色呈现、相关呈色机制、体色变化规律、体色测定方法及体色变化的内外在影响因素进行阐述，旨在为鱼虾体色变化相关基础研究提供一定参考。

1 鱼虾的体色

鱼类体色常见的有青色、黑色、红色、白色[2-3]，一般认为青、草、鲢、鳙、鲤、鲫、鲂等常规鱼类，其体色多以青色为主，部分区域呈现白色。……