王耀东 毛振明

摘    要：自体育课程研究进入中国学校体育研究领域以来，中国学校体育教学的主要目标与任务是“增强学生体质”，还是“运动技能教学”，一直是中国学校体育研究领域争论的问题。为解决体育课程“增强学生体质”的问题，中国学校体育史上曾出现过许多不同的理论假说，包括“2-1=1”策略的“体质教育论”、“1+1=2”策略的“课课练”、“2-1=2”策略的“运动技术健身论”及“1+X=？”策略的“健康教育论”。上述理论假说在不同年代的中國学校体育理论研究中各有侧重，各有缺陷。中国各级各类学校的体育课程不仅应以“提高体育教学质量，使青少年学生在体育课和课外锻炼中增强体质”作为理论研究和实践改革的重点，还应将“增强学生体质”作为评价学校体育课程教学改革的重要指标。为使中国的体育课程教学实践能增强学生体质，应在以下几个方面着力：1）以精准监测、精准分析、精准干预的“体质提升三精准”作为体育课程的增强体质导向;2）开发有效的、有趣的“专项身体素质练习与游戏”;3）普及“体育趣味课课练”;4）提高体育课程的教学质量;5）强化“学科融合”“课内外结合”及“家校结合”。

关键词：中国;体育课程;增强体质;体质提升三精准;体育趣味课课练

中图分类号：G 807          学科代码：040303           文献标识码：A

Abstract： Since the physical education curriculum research has entered the field of Chinese school physical education research， the main goal and task of Chinese school physical education teaching is to “strengthen the students physique”， or “sports skill teaching”， which has been a controversial issue in the field of Chinese school physical education research. In order to achieve the goal of enhancing students physical fitness in physical education courses， there have been many different theoretical hypotheses in school sports history， such as 2-1=1 strategy of “physical fitness education theory”， 1+1=2 strategy of “class practice”， 2-1=2 strategy of “sports technology fitness theory” and 1+X=？ strategic health education theory. The theoretical hypotheses mentioned above have their own achievements， emphases and limitations in the theoretical research of school physical education in different ages in China. At present and in the future， the physical education curriculum of all kinds of schools at all levels in China should not only focus on the theoretical research and practical reform of “improving the quality of physical education teaching， helping students to strengthen their physique in physical education and extracurricular exercise”， but also take “enhancing the physique of students” as an important index to evaluate the teaching reform of physical education curriculum in schools. After sorting out the above theoretical hypothesis， it can be concluded that the following work should be done in order to make the physical education teaching better serve the students physical fitness： 1） the physical exercise of physical education course is guided by the “three preciseness of physical fitness improvement” of precise measurement， precise analysis and precise intervention; 2） try to summarize and develop effective and interesting “special sports fitness exercises and games”; 3） vigorously popularize “sports fun class exercise”; 4） improve the quality of physical education teaching; and 5） strengthen “subject integration”“in-class and out-of-class integration” and “home-school integration”.

Keywords：china; physical education curriculum; improve physical fitness; three preciseness of physical improvement; sports fun class exercise

在前些年中国青少年学生体质健康下降的情况下，体育课程教学效果引起关注。“每天锻炼一小时，健康工作五十年，幸福生活一辈子”的思想已深入人心，高考加考體育的呼声不绝于耳，“校园足球”和“校园篮球”也进入体育课堂，在党和政府的空前重视和关注下，中国中小学学生体质出现明显好转，仅在大学阶段出现了大学生个别体质健康指标下降的情况。……