陈玉山　庄小将

[摘 要] 在习近平提出乡村振兴战略背景下，我国特色小镇建设得到快速发展，但是也面临亟待解决的土地规划和乡村的土地流转困难。基于相关文献综述，依据张培刚发展经济学理论，结合我国特色小镇建设进程中土地流转的现状，分析特色小镇建设中土地流转的突出问题包括土地规划管控不足，部分项目落实困难；乡村土地流转违约问题突出，土地流转期限短；部分拥有耕地主体不能规模化生产，碎块化耕地影响现代农业规模效益。因此，需要优化特色小镇建设中土地规划政策，促进小镇中乡村土地合理流转，并加强农地适度规模经营组织的农业政策扶持，以期推进特色小镇的持续发展和乡村农业的产业振兴。

[关键词] 乡村振兴；农村土地流转；特色小镇；土地制度

[中图分类号] F124.1 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1009-6043（2018）10-0095-03

Abstract： Under the background of Xi Jinping's Rural Revitalization strategy， the construction of small towns with characteristics has developed rapidly， but it also faces the difficulties in land planning and rural land circulation. Based on the relevant literature review， according to Zhang Peigang's theory of development economics and the current situation of land transfer in the process of construction of small towns with characteristics， this paper analyzes the prominent problems of land transfer for the construction of small towns with characteristics. The problems include inadequate control of land planning， difficulties in implementing some projects， breach of contract in rural land transfer， and the short term of land transfer period. In addition， some owners of cultivated lands cannot realize large-scale production， and the fragmented arable lands affect the scale efficiency of modern agriculture. Therefore， it is necessary to optimize the land planning policy in the construction of the small towns， promote the rational transfer of rural lands， and strengthen the agricultural policy support of the moderate scale farmland management organizations， in order to promote the sustainable development of the small towns and the revitalization of rural agriculture industry.

Key words： rural revitalization， rural land transfer， small towns with characteristics， land system

一、引言

我國是一个发展中大国，近14亿人口中有一半人在农村；土地问题一直以来都是农村建设的核心问题。80年代中期以来，农村土地所有权和承包权分离后家庭承包制的红利基本完全释放，乡村农业的比较劣势更加突出显现[1]。而近年来，我国城镇规模迅速扩张，社会经济快速发展的同时，也给乡村带来了诸多矛盾；越来越多的农民外出打工，对土地做出丢弃但不弃权的抛荒选择。

2016年7月，建设部、发改委、财政部联合发布的《关于开展特色小镇培育工作的通知》则确定到2020年，全国将培育1000个左右特色小镇；……