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不同类型新疆风干牛肉挥发性风味成分差异分析

2018-08-14沙坤张泽俊张松山孙宝忠雷元华李红波宋焕禄张杨

肉类研究 2018年4期
关键词:气相色谱

沙坤 张泽俊 张松山 孙宝忠 雷元华 李红波 宋焕禄 张杨

摘 要:为比较分析2 种不同类型的新疆风干牛肉中挥发性风味成分的差异及来源,采用固相微萃取/气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱法进行测定。结果表明:2 组样品中共鉴定出78 种挥发性风味化合物,传统原味和改进风味样品中分别鉴定出26 种和71 种,其中,经感官嗅闻鉴定出的活性香气成分共有41 种,包括烃类7 种、醛类9 种、酮类5 种、醇类4 种、呋喃类3 种、含氮化合物2 种、酯类1 种、酚类10 种;t-检验分析结果表明,除醛类以外(P>0.05),2 组样品的烃类、醇类、酮类和呋喃类化合物含量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),而含氮化合物、酯类、醚类和酚类化合物仅存在于改进风味样品中;主成分分析结果表明,2 组样品在挥发性风味成分组成上存在较大差异,与第1主成分高度相关的化合物主要来源于烟熏加工过程,与第2主成分相关性较高的化合物主要来源于香辛料的添加。

关键词:新疆风干牛肉;气相色谱-嗅闻-质谱;挥发性风味成分

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the differences and sources of volatile flavor components in different types of Xinjiang dried beef. A total of 78 compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-O-MS). A total of 26 and 71 volatile compounds were detected in the samples prepared by the traditional and improved process, respectively. Among these compounds, 41

aroma-active compounds were identified by GC-O, including hydrocarbons (7), aldehydes (9), ketones (5), alcohols (4), furans (3), nitrogen compounds (2), esters (1), and phenols (10). The results of t-test showed that there was a significant difference

(P < 0.01) in the contents of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and furans between the two samples except aldehydes

(P > 0.05). Nitrogen compounds, esters, ethers and phenolic compounds were only detected in the improved processing sample. Principal component analysis showed that there were large differences in volatile flavor composition between the two samples. The compounds highly related to the first principal component (PC1) were mainly derived from the smok process, while those highly related to the second principal component (PC2) from the addition of spices.

Keywords: Xinjiang dried beef; gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry; volatile flavor components

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201804006

中圖分类号:TS207.3 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2018)04-0033-06

新疆风干牛肉是新疆地区的特色传统腌腊肉制品,因其独特的风味和质地深受消费者喜爱。科研人员和食品加工企业已经开始关注对新疆风干牛肉的质量特征、品质形成规律及产品开发的研究[1-3],目标是将传统手工制品逐渐开发成适合工厂生产的商品形态,不断满足消费者日益增长的消费需求。目前,市场上商品形式的新疆风干牛肉主要有2 种类型,一种是采用传统加工方法制作的原味风干牛肉,仅在腌制阶段加入食盐,依靠自然条件风干制作而成;另一种是在腌制过程中加入较多种类的香辛料,引入烟熏工艺制作而成的改进风味的风干牛肉,以满足消费者对新颖、多样的口味的需求。

挥发性香气成分的存在赋予腌腊肉制品重要的风味品质,其组成成分非常复杂,对肉制品风味的贡献不仅取决于各成分的含量,还受香气阈值的影响。原……

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