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SPME—GC—MS法测定小鳄龟肉中关键风味化合物的响应面法优化

2017-11-16张同刚范玲

肉类研究 2017年8期
关键词:气相色谱

张同刚+范玲

摘 要:以小鳄龟肉为原料,通过单因素试验及响应面分析优化小鳄龟肉中挥发性风味化合物的萃取条件,采用顶空固相微萃取(solid-phase microextraction,SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术检测并分析小鳄龟肉中的挥发性风味物质,同时结合化合物的感觉阈值,利用相对气味活度值(relative odor activity value,ROAV)法确定关键风味化合物。结果表明:小鳄龟肉中挥发性风味化合物的最佳萃取条件为萃取时间25 min、萃取温度60 ℃、样品添加量1.0 g。在此萃取条件下,从去皮及带皮小鳄龟肌肉中分别检测出33 种和37 种挥发性风味物质,且关键风味化合物种类基本相同,主要是D-柠檬烯、壬醛、3-甲基丁醛、3-甲硫基丙醛、(Z)-4-庚烯醛、苯乙醛、庚醛、己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、二甲基硫醚及2-乙基呋喃等化合物,它们共同决定了小鳄龟肌肉的整体风味。

关键词:小鳄龟肉;响应面分析;固相微萃取;气相色谱-质谱联用;关键风味化合物

Optimization of Solid-Phase Microextraction Conditions by Response Surface Methodology for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Determination of Key Flavor Compounds in Chelydra serpentina Muscle

ZHANG Tonggang, FAN Ling*

(School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China)

Abstract: A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) procedure for the determination of volatile compounds in Chelydra serpentina muscle by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was presented. The extraction conditions were optimized using a combination of one-factor-at-a-time method and response surface methodology. The key flavor compounds were determined by their sensory threshold and relative odor activity value (ROAV). The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction time 25 min, extraction temperature 60 ℃ and sampling weight 1.0 g. Under these optimized conditions, a total of 37 and 33 volatile flavor compounds were found in Chelydra serpentina muscle with and without skin, respectively. The key flavor components in both samples were basically the same, mainly including heptyl aldehyde, 3-methyl butanal,3-methylthiopropanal, phenylacetaldehyde,1-octene-3-alcohol, D-limonene, nonanoic acid, hexanal, dimethyl sulfide, (Z)-4-heptenal, and 2-ethyl-furan.

Key words: Chelydra serpentine muscle; response surface methodology; solid phase microextraction; gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); key flavor compounds

DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-201708007

中圖分类号:TS251.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2017)08-0034-05

小鳄龟(Chelydra serpentina),又名蛇鳄龟,隶属爬行纲、龟鳖亚纲、龟鳖目、曲颈龟亚目、鳄龟科、鳄龟属,原产于北美洲地区,90年代后期作为宠物龟少量引入我国[1]。小鳄龟具有抗病能力好、生长速度较快、体型相对较大、壳薄肉多等特点,其肉质肥美、细腻、营养丰富、无异味,具有很高的经济和食用价值[2]。目前,对小鳄龟的温室养殖、人工繁殖、性别决定、饵料偏好等方面已进行过一些研究[3-9],刘翠娥等[10]研究了小鳄龟的含肉率和肌肉中的营养成分,证实小鳄龟肉是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的优质肉类。但小鳄龟肉风味方面的相关报道较少。……

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