基于现代学徒制的现代职业教育体系构建研究
2015-11-13张庆良陈春颖
张庆良+陈春颖
摘 要 为了解决就业难和技工荒并存问题,引出了职业教育的学徒制路径。归纳了传统学徒制和现代学徒制区别,总结了现代学徒制成功案例和具体做法,指出了我国职业教育实践中技能薄弱的原因在于课程设置和院校评估的不当导向。剖析了原因,包含青少年学习历程跟踪,教育系统提供合适资讯,简化教育系统,分析了当前劳动力市场特点。提出了具体建议:职业资格证书,完全职业规划,生均资助水平,全日制教育和工作体验。
关键词 现代学徒制 职业教育 学生 构建
中图分类号:G710 文献标识码:A DOI:10.16400/j.cnki.kjdks.2015.10.004
Research on the Construction of Modern Vocational Education System Based on the Modern Apprenticeship Frame
ZHANG Qingliang, CHEN Chunying
Abstract The apprenticeship path of vocational education is introduced in order to solve the problem of employment difficulty and shortage of skilled workers. The difference between traditional apprenticeship and modern apprenticeship is summed up. The successful cases and specific practices of the modern apprenticeship are summarized. The weak skills of our country's vocational education practice lie in the improper curriculum orientation and evaluation of colleges and universities. The causes are analyzed, including tracking the learning process of young people, providing appropriate information for the education system, simplifying the education system. The current characteristics of the labor market are also analyzed. Some concrete suggestions are put forward: vocational qualification certification, complete career planning, funding level per student, full-time education and work experience.
Key words modern apprenticeship; vocational education; students; construction
0 引言
近年来,在《国务院关于大力发展职业教育的决定》精神指导下,职业教育得到空前发展。职教规模扩大、发展速度加快。但是随着职业技术院校毕业生增多,企业却发现难以找到符合要求的技术技能型人才,因而出现“就业难”和“技工荒”并存局面,这也是职业技术教育发展面临的挑战。服务社会、促进区域经济发展是职业教育发展的必然归宿,如何缩小职业技术院校人才培养与企业实际需求差距,提高企业和学生的满意度成为当前职业教育改革的焦点。
1 国内外研究现状述评
根据学徒制发展,可以将其分为传统学徒制和现代学徒制。传统学徒制,在实际生产过程中通过师徒共同劳动完成教学,徒弟在师傅指导和影响下习得知识或技能;现代学徒制,是职业技术教育与传统学徒制结合产物,以企业用人需求、岗位资格标准为目标,以校企合作为基础,以学生学徒培养为核心,以课程为纽带,以工学结合、半工半读为形式,以学校、行业、企业深度参与和教师、师傅深入指导为支撑。……
