新工科背景下铁道运输专业方向实习课程教学改革与探索
2024-05-21张红亮魏玉光张进川
张红亮 魏玉光 张进川


摘 要:实习环节是工科专业人才培养的重要环节,为学生提供现场设备设施认知、生产作业组织等接触与体验,为学生继续深造或进入工作岗位提供实践知识储备。该文在新工科建设背景下,基于OBE理念,重新梳理铁道运输专业方向实习课程在培养方案中的地位和作用,明确铁道运输专业方向实习课程体系的内容及培养目标,提出基于ASK的实习效果评价。为保障实习课程的教学质量,从教师队伍、教学策略和手段、实习基地建设及实习教学管理等方面对生产实习提出系列改进措施。论文研究可为工科专业的实习实践课程建设提供参考。
关键词:OBE理念;培养方案;实习课程;教学改革;持续改进
中图分类号:G642 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-000X(2024)14-0132-04
Abstract: The internship component is a crucial element in the training of engineering professionals, providing students with on-site equipment and facility awareness, exposure to production operations, and practical experience, thereby equipping them with practical knowledge for further academic pursuits or entry into professional positions. Under the background of the new engineering paradigm, this paper, based on the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) philosophy, systematically reexamines the position and role of internship courses in the curriculum of railway transportation discipline. It delineates the content and educational objectives of the internship course system in the railway transportation discipline, and proposes an evaluation framework based on the Achievement, Skills, and Knowledge (ASK) model. In order to ensure the teaching quality of the internship course, a series of improvement measures are put forward, encompassing aspects such as faculty composition, teaching strategies and methods, internship site development, and the management of internship teaching. This research contributes insights that can be valuable for the development of internship practices in engineering disciplines.
Keywords: OBE philosophy; training program; internship courses; teaching reform; continuous improvement
OBE理念(Outcome-based Education)又称为“产出导向教育”或“成果导向教育”理念,是基于产出和学生导向的思想,倡导“人人都能学会为前提,以学生为中心,成果为导向”,旨在教学设计和实施过程中,以学生最后的学习成果作为目标。目前,产出导向教育已成为美国、英国、加拿大及我国教育改革的主流理念,被工程教育专业认证广泛采纳[1-2]。随着我国高等教育新工科建设的推进,众多学者融合OBE思想,针对工科专业的课程体系建设和评价等内容开展了广泛的研究和探索[3-6],如针对机械、土木工程、自动化、工业设计等专业实习实践类课程的研究[7-12],成为各类高等工科专业教学改革研究的关注热点。
铁道运输专业方向是北京交通大学交通运输学院交通运输本科专业的一个特色方向,实践性要求较高。……
