郭明　王沫涵

摘  要：核事故应急实践教学训练是核事故现场应急处置能力培养的关键环节。该文针对传统核事故应急实践教学现状，分析目前核事故应急实践教学的特点与困难，构建涵盖实践教学目标、实践教学条件、实践教学活动和实践教学评价等要素的基于虚拟现实的实践教学模式；结合具体的教学案例，对基于虚拟现实的教学模式如何运用于核事故实践教学进行研究和探索。结果表明，结合沉浸式虚拟现实技术，实践教学与训练的生动性和真实感极大增强，教学训练效果明显改善。

关键词：实践教学；虚拟现实；核事故应急；教学条件；教学评价

中图分类号：G641        文献标志码：A          文章编号：2096-000X（2024）14-0115-05

Abstract： Teaching training of nuclear accident emergency practice is a key link in the training of emergency response capabilities at the nuclear accident site. In response to the characteristics and difficulties of traditional practical teaching in nuclear accident emergency response， a virtual reality-based practical teaching model is constructed， which contains elements such as practical teaching objectives， practical teaching conditions， practical teaching activities and practical teaching evaluation. Through specific teaching cases， we have studied and explored how to use the virtual reality-based teaching model in practical teaching. The results show that combined with immersive virtual reality technology， the vividness and realism of practical teaching and training have been greatly enhanced， and the effect of teaching and training has been significantly improved.

Keywords： practical teaching; virtual reality; nuclear accident response; teaching conditions; teaching evaluation

核事故應急类课程是核专业重点专业课程，是一门理论与实践紧密结合的课程。除了要求学生掌握核事故应急处置的相关知识，还要求学生具备一定的核事故现场应急处置与指挥能力。长期以来，受众多因素限制，核事故现场应急处置实践教学训练只能依托课堂来实现，教学内容以单兵核应急装备操作训练为主，缺乏全流程的多人协同应急处置综合教学与训练；同时，由于缺少逼真的教学训练场景，难以达到实战化教学训练效果。

虚拟仿真技术为解决上述问题提供了新的思路。早在1983年，美国陆军开发了SIMNET坦克VR训练模拟器，该模拟器对当时美军的M1主战坦克从设备和工作状态进行逼真的仿真模拟，能够模拟实战条件下的仿真训练[1]。……