吕鹏辉 李彬 朱宏强 代惠娟 郭伟 李福元

摘要 为改变河北蔚县烟区传统施肥方法，明确适宜的施肥量，为卷烟工业企业提供稳定优质的原料，以龙江911烤烟品种为材料，进行了不同氮磷钾施用量对烤烟生长发育和产质量的影响。结果表明，不同施肥量对烤烟生长发育、化学成分和经济性状有显著的影响;不同施肥量主要在烟株的旺长期对株高和茎围发挥作用，叶数不受影响;烟碱含量和氮肥施用量呈正相关，化学成分总体呈高糖低碱状态。结合经济性状的表现，河北蔚县烟叶最佳施肥组合为施用纯氮52.5 kg/hm2、P 2O 5 52.5 kg/hm2、K 2O 157.95 kg/hm2。

关键词 烤烟;施肥量;化学成分;经济性状

中图分类号 S 572  文献标识码 A  文章编號 0517-6611（2021）16-0171-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.046   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Different Application Rates of Nitrogen， Phosphorus and Potassium on the Growth， Development， Yield and Quality of Longjiang 911

L Peng-hui， LI Bin， ZHU Hong-qiang et al

（China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co.， Ltd.， Shijiazhuang， Hebei 050051）

Abstract With the flue-cured tobacco variety Longjiang 911 as the material， the study was conducted on the effects of different application rates of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium on the growth and production quality to change the traditional empirical fertilization method in Yuxian County， Hebei Province， define the appropriate fertilization rate， and provide stable and high-quality raw materials for the cigarette industry. The results indicated that different fertilization rates had significant effects on the growth and development， chemical composition and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco;different application rates mainly played their roles in plant height and stem girth during the flourishing stage of tobacco plants， and the number of leaves was not affected;nicotine content was positively correlated to the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer， and the overall chemical composition took on status of high glucose and low alkalinity. In combination with the performance of economic traits， the optimal fertilization combination for tobacco leaves in Yuxian County， Hebei was equivalent to 52.5 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen， 52.5 kg/hm2 of P 2O 5 and 157.95 kg/hm2of K 2O.

Key words Flue-cured tobacco;Application rate;Chemical composition;Economic traits

烟草的生产要兼顾品质和产量这2个因素，但卷烟主要通过消费者抽吸，因此应更加注重品质，在保证品质的基础上提高产量[1]。氮磷钾肥作为大量元素肥料，对烟草的生长发育和产质量有极其重要的作用[2-4]。氮素能够显著影响烟株的根系发育，进而影响烟株的产量和烟碱等次生代谢物质的合成，是烟株生长发育和产量的关键因素[5]。磷可以增加烟叶中淀粉含量，提高施木克值，从而改善烟叶品质，施用磷肥过多，烟株会过分生长，用量不足将会延长成熟期[6-7]。钾能够增加烟株的抗逆能力，促进氮素的吸收和蛋白质的合成，充足的钾肥可促进烟叶正常发育，从而改善烟叶品质[8]。研究表明，适宜的氮磷钾施用量对烟株的生长发育和产质量有积极的作用，过多或过少都表现为拮抗作用[1，9]。……