杨婕琳 张飞云

摘要 在精准扶贫工作的收尾与乡村振兴发展战略开展的交汇时期，对山西省Z村脱贫农户实际情况，采用问卷调查法，从家庭规模、收入结构、基础设施状况、发展能力等方面分析了脱贫农户的脱贫状况，并根据存在问题，结合实际情况提出有利于提高脱贫农户脱贫稳定性的对策建议。结果表明：①Z村的人均纯收入、人均耕地林地面积、“两不愁、三保障”等均处于较好的水平;②脱贫农户的收入结构、文化程度、劳动技能以及健康状况等方面存在一定问题，对脱贫农户的脱贫稳定性造成较大影响;③提高脱贫稳定性的对策包括建立完善的农村社会保险与救助体系、提高农户综合素质、优化能源结构，推广清洁能源的使用、大力发展适宜产业等对策建议。

关键词 脱贫状况;精准脱贫;脱贫农户;山西省Z村

中图分类号 S-9   文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0259-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.068   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Investigation and Research on Poverty Alleviation of Peasant Households in Z Village Shanxi Province

YANG Jie-lin，ZHANG Fei-yun （School of Management， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi，Xinjiang 830011）

Abstract At the intersection of the end of targeted poverty alleviation and the development of the rural revitalization development strategy， this article uses a questionnaire to analyze the actual situation of poverty alleviation farmers in Z Village， Shanxi Province， from the aspects of family size， income structure， infrastructure status， and development capabilities，and based on the existing problems， combined with the actual situation， put forward countermeasures and suggestions that will help improve the stability of poverty alleviation farmers. The research results showed that：①the per capita net income， per capita arable land and forest area，“two no worries，three guarantees”， etc. in Village Z are all at a relatively good level; ②there are certain problems in the income structure， education level， labor skills， and health conditions， which have a greater impact on the stability of poverty alleviation of farmers;③countermeasures to improve the stability of poverty alleviation include establishing a sound rural social insurance and assistance system， improving the overall quality of farmers， optimizing the energy structure， and promoting the use of clean energy， vigorously developing suitable industries.

Key words Poverty alleviation;Targeted poverty alleviation;Poverty alleviation farmers;Z Village in Shanxi Province

我國的扶贫政策，从输血式扶贫到开发式扶贫，再到精准扶贫，不断适应国情而发生变化。精准脱贫、精准扶贫在全面建成小康社会的关键时期取得了重大成效。2020年2月，山西省所有贫困县（区）已正式退出贫困县，区域性贫困问题得到了有效解决[1]，但也存在诸多问题，脱贫农户受多种因素影响导致脱贫稳定性较差，面临返贫风险，给巩固现有脱贫成果带来了严峻的挑战。根据相关研究表明，近年来我国显现出脱贫人口返贫的高发态势，各贫困地区脱贫农户的年返贫率高达20%以上，而潜在的返贫群体约5 825万人[2]。……