谢嘉锶 于莉

摘要 随着我国城镇化进程的推进，合理解决失地农民再就业问题成为经济发展和社会稳定的客观要求。基于心理资本视角，认为心理资本的自我认同、抗压能力、心理弹性和发展意识存在不足，导致失地农民再就业时职业选择主动性不高，就业适应能力有限，良性发展动能受制，再就业能力难以发掘提升。进而从城乡差距、经济发展、征地政策、社会环境、个体素质和传统观念等方面探究了影响失地农民心理资本积累与再就业质量的因素，从宏观、中观和微观三个层面提出提高失地农民心理资本，促进其再就业的对策建议。

关键词 心理资本;失地农民;再就业

中图分类号 F 323.6  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）16-0251-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.16.066   开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Research on the Re-employment of Land-lost Farmers from the Perspective of Psychological Capital

XIE Jia-si，YU Li

（College of Politics and Administration， Tianjin Normal University， Tianjin 300387）

Abstract With the advancement of Chinas urbanization process， reasonable solution to the problem of re-employment of land-lost farmers has become an objective requirement of economic development and social stability. Based on the perspective of psychological capital， this study argues that the lack of psychological capitals self-identity， pressure resistant ability， psychological resilience and development awareness leads to the lack of initiative in career choice of land-lost farmers， limited ability to adapt to employment， limited positive development momentum， and difficulty in exploring and improving the re-employment ability. Furthermore， this study explores the factors that influence the psychological capital accumulation and re-employment quality of land-lost farmers from the perspectives of urban-rural gap， economic development， land acquisition policy， social environment， individual quality and traditional concepts， and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to improve the psychological capital of land-lost farmers and promote their re-employment from the perspectives of macro， medium and micro levels.

Key words Psychological capital;Land-lost farmers;Re-employment

隨着我国经济的高速发展和城镇化进程的推进，越来越多的农村土地由于开发建设而被征用，大量农民失去土地成为失地农民。数据显示，我国失地农民的人数正以每年200万～300万的速度增长，预估到2030年，该群体的数目将达到1.1亿[1]。这一数量庞大的群体脱离了赖以生存的土地和农耕生活，失去了最主要的收入来源，面临向非农职业的转移。失地农民具有人口数量多、文化水平低、专业技能不足和社会网络局限等特点，他们的再就业常常面临职业地位低、稳定性差、薪资待遇不理想和身份歧视等困境。

随着社会发展水平的提高，失地农民再就业过程中面临的心理压力不容忽视。经济发展对劳动力素质提出了更为全面的要求，心理资本作为个体发展的核心要素之一，对失地农民再就业的影响逐渐凸显。……