沈佳丽

摘要教科版四年级教材“岩石的组成”一课要求从颜色、条痕、透明度和光泽等方面对矿物进行观察和描述，但教材中的实验存在选取标本不够典型、外表颜色描述不对、条痕颜色无法看到、透明程度判断不清、比对光泽观察不准等问题。从提供原始结晶状态的矿物或有新鲜断面的矿物标本、提供色轮卡观察描述矿物外表的颜色、采用深色无釉瓷板代替白色无釉瓷板、用手电筒照射矿物碎片的边缘判断透明度、和六种典型光泽进行比对观察等方法进行实验改进，实验效果较好，学生容易操作且描述特征准确。

关键词观察;描述;特征;改进

中图分类号：G424文献标识码：ADOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.36.044

Improvement on the Experiment of "Observing and Describing the Characteristics of Minerals"

SHEN Jiali

（Hangzhou Xixing Experimental Primary School，Hangzhou，Zhejiang 310051）

Abstract：The lesson "composition of rock" in the fourth grade textbook of education and Science Edition requires observation and description of minerals from the aspects of color，streak，transparency and luster. However，there are some problems in the experiments in the textbook，such as the selection of specimens is not typical，the description of appearance color is incorrect，the streak color cannot be seen，the judgment of transparency is unclear，and the observation of comparative luster is inaccurate . Experimental improvements are made by providing minerals in the original crystalline s tate or mineral specimens with fresh sections，providing color wheel cards to observe and describe the color of mineral appearance，using dark unglazed porcelain plates instead of white unglazed porcelain plates，judging transparency by illuminating the edges of mineral fragments with a flashlight，and comparing and observing six typical gloss. The experimental results are good，Students are easy to operate and describe features accurately.

Keywords：observe;describe;characteristics;improve

《岩石的组成》主要探究“组成花岗岩的三种矿物的特征”，要求从颜色、条痕、透明度和光泽等方面进行观察和描述。教材中采用的方法是用肉眼直接观察矿物表面的颜色;将矿物放在白色无釉瓷板上摩擦观察条痕，比较表面颜色和条痕是否一致;通过观察矿物碎片的边缘是否能看见其他物体来判断矿物的透明度;和其他物體的反光进行比较，辨别矿物的光泽。

1原实验的不足

1.1选取标本不够典型

学生材料箱中的矿物多为经过切割的矿物碎块，每一块矿物的外表颜色均有所差异，无法找到新鲜的断面。矿物的透明度和光泽也在切割过程中被破坏，导致无法观察和辨认出矿物在原始结晶状态下的特征。

1.2外表颜色描述不准

在观察和描述矿物颜色的活动中，学生采用肉眼直接观察矿物外表，依靠主观判断得出矿物外表的颜色。……