陈花

摘要审辩式思维是具备科学核心素养的重要体现。小学阶段是培养学生审辩式思维的关键时期。依照《义务教育小学科学课程标准》中关于培养学生科学核心素养的要求，结合小学科学课程教学实践的几个案例，提出小学科学教学中培养学生审辩式思维的策略，即：巧设课堂提问，引导学生辩证地思考;设计反思导向型任务，实现合作学习中的审辩式思维互动;捕捉课堂“意外”，促进审辩式思维课堂的生成;应用虚拟实验平台，助力学生在自主探究中发展审辩式思维。

关键词审辩式思维;小学;科学;策略

中图分类号：G424文献标识码：ADOI：10.16400/j.cnki.kjdk.2021.36.038

On the Cultivation Strategy of Trial and Debate Thinking

CHEN Hua

（Primary School Attached to Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan，Hubei 430071）

Abstract：Trial and debate thinking is an important embodiment of scientific core literacy. Primary school stage is the key period to cultivate students，trial and debate thinking. According to the requirements of cultivating students，scientific core literacy in the primary school science curriculum standard of compulsory education，combined with several cases of primary school science curriculum teaching practice，this paper puts forward the strategy of cultivating students，deliberative thinking in primary school science teaching，that is，skillfully setting classroom questions to guide students to think dialectically;Design reflection oriented tasks to realize the interactive thinking of trial and debate in cooperative learning;Catch the "accidents" in the classroom and promote the generation of trial and debate thinking classroom;The application of virtual experiment platform helps students develop trial and debate thinking in independent inquiry .

Keywords：debate thinking;primary school;science;strategy

小学阶段是培养学生审辩式思維的关键时期，而小学科学课程体系蕴含了审辩式思维素养的基本内涵，为培养学生审辩式思维提供了依据。此外，《义务教育小学科学课程标准》（以下简称课程标准）明确提出了培养有关审辩式思维相关要素的要求：通过学习科学课程，不仅能够使学生体验科学探究的过程，初步学习观察、调查、比较、分类、分析资料、得出结论等方法，还能帮助他们形成批判意识，培育创新精神。

笔者基于课程标准中关于培养学生科学思维的要求，结合自身教学实践，提出小学科学教学中培养学生审辩式思维可以采取的四个策略，以供参考。

1巧设课堂提问，引导学生辩证思考

课堂提问是提升学生审辩式思维能力的重要手段。想要充分发挥课堂提问的效益，教师必须立足学生的认知水平和思维特点，紧密联系生活与实际设计提问，启发学生结合已有知识辩证地思考，实现从“已知”到“未知”的思维探究。……