聂静

摘  要：马克思主义伦理学是一门研究道德的科学。在传统的教学课堂中，教师对学生的教学，通常以教授法为主，学生们往往“知其然，不知其所以然”，只是在课堂上学到了一些生硬的书本知识、一些高深的专业术语，但是一旦到了现实生活中，却不知如何取舍。遇到了一些难题，也不知道如何运用马克思主义伦理学的知识加以解释指导。甚至某些同学对伦理学的学习产生了抵触情绪，认为伦理学的学科只是说教，无实用价值。因此，必须对教学内容和方法进行改革，才能让学生不仅仅是“知其然，知其所以然”，还要能把认识的善内化于心，外化于行，使道德规范由他律转向自律，达到真正的知行合一。

关键词：马克思主义伦理学  教学改革  知行合一  道德

中图分类号：G71                             文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）04（c）-0164-03

Thoughts on Teaching Reform of Marxist Ethics

— Unity of knowledge and action

NIE Jing

（Jingdezhen university， Jingdezhen， Jiangxi Province， 333000  China）

Abstract： Marxist ethics is a science that studies morality. In traditional teaching classrooms， teachers' teaching to students is usually based on teaching methods. Students often "know the hows but not the whys"， but they have learned some blunt book knowledge and some advanced professional terminology in the classroom. But once in real life， I don't know how to choose. I have encountered some problems and don't know how to use the knowledge of Marxist ethics to explain and guide. Some students even had a feeling of resistance to the study of ethics， thinking that the subject of ethics was just preaching and had no practical value. Therefore， the teaching content and methods must be reformed so that students can not only “know the hows but not the whys”， but also can internalize the goodness of knowledge in the heart and externalize it in action， so that the moral code can be controlled by others. Turn to self-discipline to achieve the true unity of knowledge and action.

Key Words： Marxist ethics; Teaching reform; Unity of knowledge and action; Morality

“知行合一”這个概念最早是心学创始人王阳明在贵阳文明学院讲学中提出。“知行合一”中的“知”，指的是人的道德意识;“行”指的是人的道德行为。因此，知和行的关系，也就是道德的意识和行为的关系。王阳明提出良知无所不能，这无疑是有其深刻之处的。这里提到的知就是伦理学范畴里提到的良心，良心是道德规范由他律转化为自律过程中最重要的表现形式。良心与德性存在着相互依赖、相互补充、相互促进的关系。一个人要成为有道德的人，首先必须坚守良心，倾听良心的呼声，按良心的要求行事。马克思主义伦理学要求从义务本身来理解良心的实质。……