美媒涉中报道中的中国形象
2021-07-23吴灿彬刘彩云杨皓玥
吴灿彬 刘彩云 杨皓玥



◆摘 要:美国新闻媒体关于中国的相关报道对中国国际形象塑造具有重要影响,分析形象塑造背后的意識形态具有重要意义。该研究选取《纽约时报》2020年1月至4月关于中国的20篇报道为研究对象,研究方法将定性分析与定量分析相结合,依据费尔克劳夫提出的三维分析框架,从文本、话语实践和社会实践三个维度对所选语篇进行批评话语分析。研究发现《纽约时报》报道以负面报道为主,有意强调中国政府在重大公共卫生事件中运作低效,渲染民众的苦痛境地,建构了一个应对突发公共卫生安全事件无能、忽视群众利益的负面中国形象,其背后主要反应了西方国家盛行的“西方中心论”“人道主义干涉论”和“中国威胁论”等社会意识形态。
Abstract: American medias reports on COVID-19 epidemic in China exert a great influence on Chinas global image building, and the analysis of the ideology behind the image building is of great significance. The research takes 20 reports on epidemic in China from New York Times as the research object. With the research method which combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the research conducts the critical discourse analysis towards selected news from three-dimension, namely, text, discourse practice and social practice, based on the three-dimensional framework proposed by Fairclough. The research has found that reports on the epidemic in China from New York Times are mainly negative and intentionally lay emphasis on Chinese governments failure of controlling the epidemic and Chinese peoples miserable situation, which consequently construct a negative image of China as incompetent in epidemic prevention and control and indifferent to the interests of the masses. All of these mainly reflect the prevailing social ideologies of Western countries, such as "west-centered theory", "humanitarian intervention theory" and "China threat theory".
◆关键词:批评话语分析;中国形象塑造;《纽约时报》;意识形态
2020年,新型冠状病毒肺炎席卷全球,截至当年12月31日,累计确诊病例已超8100万。由于该病毒首先在中国湖北省武汉市大规模爆发,美国媒体就中国各种抗疫举措及其产生的社会影响等进行了大量报道,相关报道一定程度上影响了中国形象塑造及其海外传播。随后新冠疫情在美国大规模爆发,美国部分政客和媒体为缓解国内舆论压力,频频宣称中国需要对疫情全球扩散负责,其对中国防疫工作的污名化在美国媒体前期对中国疫情的报道中也有体现。剖析美国媒体涉中国疫情报道中的中国形象和背后所隐含的意识形态,有利于指明西方媒体对中国形象的错误认识、维护中国国际形象,并提醒读者在阅读相关语篇时应具有批判意识。……
