靳学军

摘  要：合情推理能力指的是结合已有的事实，凭着直觉与经验，在归纳与类比中推断结果。就数学学科素养发展的角度分析，强化培养学生合情推理能力，深化学生对知识的理解有利于提高学生探究能力与独立学习能力。就目前小学数学教学现状分析，合情推理的实践与渗透仍然存在一定的困难，大部分学生在学习过程中很难结合自身经验与知识进行合情推理。针对这个问题，笔者就结合小学数学教学经验探讨合情推理能力在小学数学教学中的实践。

关键词：推理能力  小学数学  培养策略  实践

Abstract： The ability of reasonable reasoning refers to the inference results in induction and analogy based on the existing facts and intuition and experience. From the perspective of the development of mathematical literacy， strengthening the cultivation of students' reasonable reasoning ability and deepening students' understanding of knowledge is conducive to improving students' inquiry ability and independent learning ability. Based on the analysis of the current situation of primary school mathematics teaching， there are still some difficulties in the practice and penetration of reasonable reasoning. Most students are difficult to combine their own experience and knowledge in the learning process. In view of this problem， the author discusses the practice of reasonable reasoning ability in primary school mathematics teaching based on primary school mathematics teaching experience.

Key Words： Reasoning ability; Primary school mathematics; Training strategy; Practice

根據《数学课程标准》的要求，教育者在课堂上应全面贯穿推理能力的发展。推理指的是数学基本的思维方式，同时也是人们生活与学习中常用的一种思维方式。小学阶段是学生在义务教育阶段中打好数学基础，了解该学科的特点并掌握一定的计算与数学逻辑能力的关键阶段，因此在数学教学中培养学生的合情推理能力也是相当重要的[1]。然而就目前小学数学教学现状分析，部分教师对合情推理能力的概念认识不足，加之在渗透合情推理能力时缺乏系统规划，因此很难将合理推理渗透到教学实践中，最终影响学生发展自身推理能力。所以，教师在教学中要立足教材，深入分析知识的内在逻辑，给学生提供推理能力的发展空间。

1  在小学数学教学中培养学生合情推理能力的必要性

教育者在给学生讲解数学知识时让学生学习以及解题的过程中观察、推理与类比知识力量，这就是我们常说的合情推理。……