龙世平

摘要 通过对渝东北地区10个区县210余座乡镇生活污水处理厂的实地调查研究，发现乡镇生活污水处理工艺具有多样性，主要为生物转盘、人工快渗、膜生物反应器以及梯田式多级人工湿地等。污水处理厂处理规模普遍较小，73%以上的设计处理规模在1 000 m3/d及以下，且部分污水处理厂设计处理规模远大于实际处理规模;其污染物排放标准大多援引城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准;同时，污水处理厂运行管理方面也存在着不同程度的问题。根据这些现状调查、分析及思考，对乡镇生活污水处理的发展提出了相应的发展对策。

关键词 乡镇生活污水处理;现状;发展对策

中图分类号 X799.3文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）11-0082-03

Abstract We investigated 210 township domestic sewage treatment plants in 10 districts and counties of northeastern Chongqing，the results showed that the treatment process of township domestic sewage had diversity.The main methods were biological rotary table，artificial rapid infiltration，membrane bioreactor，terraced multistage constructed wetland and so on.In addition，the treatment scale of sewage treatment plant was generally small，and more than 73% of the designed treatment scale was less than 1 000 m3/d，and the treatment scale of some sewage treatment plants was much larger than that of the actual treatment scale.Furthermore，most of its pollutant discharge standards refer to the pollutant discharge standards of municipal sewage treatment plants.At the same time，there were also some problems in operation and management.Based on the investigation，analysis and consideration of the present situation，this paper put forward the corresponding development countermeasures for the development of domestic sewage treatment in villages and towns.

Key words Township domestic sewage treatment;Present situation;Development countermeasures

隨着国民经济的快速发展，居民的生活水平不断提高，人们对生存环境的关注也越来越密切。特别是城镇化进程加快后，居民由原来的分散居住逐渐变为集中居住，生活方式的改变导致一系列的环境资源问题，其中水资源的保护与持续利用已成为非常显著的环境资源问题。如何使有限的水资源能够持续利用，同时减少污染物对水体的污染，是一个亟需解决的问题。乡镇生活污水的集中处理既能解决环境污染问题也能节约水资源。目前，我国乡镇污水处理厂发展迅速，一定程度上解决了从“无”到“有”的生活污水处理过程。由于各地区的地势、人口规模及生活排污种类等差异较大，在实际处理的过程中还存在诸多问题亟待解决。……