薛江波 张学会

摘要 农民专业合作社一体化发展是实现规模经济、降低交易成本、带动农民增收、实现农业现代化的有效途径。以陕西省咸阳市种植业农民专业合作社为例，结合不同产业的特点，总结出了蔬菜类、水果类、大蒜辣椒类、食用菌类等4种合作社一体化模式。咸阳市合作社一体化发展在农产品质量安全保障、农民收入增加、农业现代化水平提升等方面成效显著。但是仍然存在资金缺乏、人才不足、政府推动不够、合作意识淡薄等问题，不利于合作社一体化发展。最后，从完善合作社融资政策、结合农业产业特点合理引导、促进合作社横向联合、加强宣传培训等角度提出了相关建议。

关键词 农民专业专业合作社，一体化，发展模式

中图分类号 F321.42文献标识码 A文章编号 0517-6611（2020）06-0252-04

Abstract The integrated development of Farmer Cooperatives is an effective way to achieve economies of scale， reduce transaction costs， increase farmers income， and achieve agricultural modernization. This paper takes the Farmer Cooperatives in Xianyang City of Shaanxi Province as an example， and considers the characteristics of different agricultural industries to summarize the integration modes of four cooperatives， such as vegetables， fruits， garlic and pepper， and edible fungi. The integrated development of cooperatives in Xianyang City has achieved remarkable results in ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products， increasing the income of farmers， promoting the development of agricultural modernization. However， there are still problems such as lack of funds， insufficient talents， insufficient government promotion，and weak cooperation awareness among different entities， which is not conducive to the development of cooperatives. Finally， the article puts forward relevant suggestions from the perspectives of perfecting the cooperative financing policy， combining the agricultural industrial characteristics to guide the development of cooperatives， promoting the cooperation between cooperatives， and strengthening publicity and training.

Key words Farmer cooperatives，Integration，Development model

近年來，农民专业合作社在带动农民增收、推进适度规模经营、推动农业结构性改革等方面发挥了重要作用，逐渐成为构建立体式复合型现代农业经营体系的牢固纽带。截至2018年10月底，我国大陆地区登记在册的农民专业合作社总计共214.8万家，合作社覆盖农户占全国农户总数比例为48.5%，日益成为为农民提供产前产中产后服务、引领我国小农户实现农业大生产的重要力量[1-2]。但是，农民专业合作社发展不够规范，尤其是在深加工、仓储保鲜、运输配送、农技服务等关键环节问题较多，在延长产业链条方面自身能力欠缺，难以分享更多二三产业附加值[3]。2019年9月，中央农办等11部委联合出台《关于开展农民合作社规范提升行动的若干意见》[4]提出“（十）强化服务功能。……