马广见+王先俊

摘 要：新中国成立初期，中国共产党对高校内部治理进行了有益的探索，初步形成了党委领导、校长负责、教授治学、民主参与管理的高校内部治理结构。这一治理结构的形成，不仅是对老解放区新教育经验的继承、旧教育有用经验的吸收和对苏联高校内部治理经验的借鉴，同时，也与党所采取的党政分开的领导方式和高校党组织自身建设任务繁重等情况密切相关。这一时期高校内部治理所出现的实践误区及其正反的历史经验表明，党委领导下的校长负责制作为中国共产党对国家举办的普通高等学校领导的根本制度，其关键是建立健全党委统一领导、党政分工合作、协调运行的工作机制。

中图分类号：D262

文献标志码：A

文章编号：10012435（2017）05060306

关键词：新中国成立初期；高校；内部治理结构

Abstract：At the early stage of the PRC， the CPC made rewarding efforts as regards to the inner management structure in colleges and universities， resulting in a system which consisted of the leadership of the CPC committee， the administration of the president， and the democratic participation in management of professors. This structure was first attributed to the inheritance of inner management experience in colleges and universities established during the period of democratic revolution，the absorption of the old education experience and the borrowing of inner management experience in colleges and universities of the former Soviet Union. In addition， it was closely related to the separation of the leadership of the CPC and administrative management， as well as the heavy burden of constructing CPC organizations in colleges and universities. Problems in the inner management structure of colleges and universities in this period reveal that the President responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee as the ordinary institutions of higher learning leadership of the CPC held the national basic system， the key is to establish and perfect the unified leadership of party committees， party and division of labor cooperation， coordinate the efforts of the running mechanism.

高校內部治理结构，总体上包括横向和纵向两个方面。横向方面为大学组织管理系统，即权力系统，是党、政、学术、民主的管理制度和权力分配制度，一是党委系统，二是行政系统，三是学术系统，四是民主参与系统；纵向方面为大学校院（系）两级或三级管理体系。[1]181-182高校内部治理结构不仅直接影响高校自身功能的发挥，也反映了党和国家管理高校的基本理念和制度安排。新中国成立初期主要是指1949至1956年这段时间，在此期间中国共产党对高校内部治理曾进行了有益探索，形成了具有时代特点的高校内部治理结构，为中国特色现代大学制度的建立提供了最初的雏形和轮廓。……