闵继胜

摘 要：改革开放后的三十年，模仿型排浪式消费成为主流，模仿型企业以低成本优势击垮了手工作坊，绝大多数传统手工技艺乃至“工匠精神”消失。2013年以来，我国进入高品质个性化消费阶段，模仿型企业濒临倒闭、创新型企业蓬勃发展、手工作坊恢复经营。中国优秀传统技艺和“工匠精神”的变迁，乃是收入水平导向下消费者理性选择的结果。要恢复“工匠精神”，一方面要增加中等收入阶层的规模和收入水平；另一方面从补贴中小企业向补贴技术精湛的工匠转变，全方位培育专心工艺打磨和技术钻研的优秀工匠。

中图分类号：G444

文献标志码：A

文章编号：10012435（2017）05061607

关键词：“工匠精神”；模仿型排浪式消费；模仿型企业；创新型企业；手工作坊

Abstract：Construct a theoretical analysis framework on the foundation of the theory of monopoly competition market， reveal the essence of the lack of “craftsman spirit” in China， and verify it by using a cable industry in Wuwei County as a case. Find that the imitative type of undulating consumption has become a mainstream in the 30 years after reform and opening up， and imitative enterprises defeated manual workshops by advantage of low cost， so a lot of traditional craftsmanship and “craftsman spirit” disappeared. Since 2013， our country has entered into the phase of high quality personalized consumption， which makes a lot of imitative enterprises closed， innovative enterprises develop vigorously， and manual workshops recover again. The change of Chinese excellent traditional art and “craftsman spirit” are the result of consumers rational choice in their income level. Therefore， in order to restore “craftsman spirit” in China， on the one hand， it is necessary to increase the size of the middle-income class and their income level， and on the other hand it is essential to shift subsidies from small and medium-sized enterprises to skilled craftsman， and comprehensively cultivate first-class craftsmen who focus on process grinding and technology study.

一、引言

2016年3月12日，李克強总理在《政府工作报告》中指出“鼓励企业开展个性化定制、柔性化生产，培育精益求精的工匠精神，增品种、提品质、创品牌。”首次从国家层面提出了“工匠精神”一词，引起了社会的高度关注。从经济学的角度而言，“工匠精神”就是企业（手工作坊）在追求生产利润最大化目标的同时，不计成本地投入大量人力、物力和财力进行产品的精雕细作、功能研发、反复试验，重点打造某一种或少数几种经得起时间和用户检验的高品质、高满意度、高知名度产品的生产精神。可见，“工匠精神”导向下的生产，单位产品的生产成本很高，自然要求产品的销售价格也高，因此高价格下的稳定市场需求，是高品质产品的生产企业生存的关键，对于“工匠精神”的维系和延续有着重要影响。……