陈春霞+吴秉德+汤海英

摘 要 目的：了解奉賢区中小学生运动伤害发生状况及其影响因素。方法：采用分层整群抽样方法抽取区内8所学校的3 327名学生，男生1 721人，女生1 606人，小学生1 401人，初中生1 112人，高中生8 14人。采用问卷调查学生过去一年运动伤害发生情况。结果：奉贤区中小学生运动伤害发生率5.9%，男生运动伤害发生率高于女生（7.7%∶4.0%，P<0.05）；初中生运动伤害发生率为9.4%，高于小学生的5.3%和高中生的2.3%（P<0.05）。发生运动伤害的主要部位是下肢（29.4%）。有28.9%的学生因运动伤害的平均缺课6.5天；运动伤害主要发生时间是学校体育课（42.1%）；运动伤害时主要体育活动是球类（37.1%）和田径类（27.9%）。运动伤害发生的主要原因包括思想麻痹和注意力不集中（23.9%），准备活动不充分（21.3%），技术不熟练和动作不规范（18.3%）。结论：初中生和男生是运动伤害的重点人群，应针对学生运动伤害流行特点，采取综合干预措施，以降低中小学生运动伤害的发生。

关键词 中小学生；运动伤害；调查

中图分类号：R181.3+7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2017）12-0047-03

Investigation and analysis of sports injuries among primary and middle school students in Fengxian District of Shanghai

CHEN Chunxia1， WU Bingde1， TANG Haiying2（1.Zhuanghang Community Health Service Center of Fengxian District， Shanghai 201415， China； 2.Fengxian Center for Disease Control and

Prevention， Shanghai 201499， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To investigate the occurring situation and influencing factors of sports injuries among primary and middle school students in Fengxian District. Methods： By stratified cluster sampling method， 3 327 students were selected from the 8 schools in the district， including 1 721 male and 1 606 female students. 1 401 were primary school students， 814 junior high school students and 1 112 high school students. A questionnaire was used to investigate the incidence of sports injuries in the past year. Results： The annual incidence of sports injuries among primary and middle school students in Fengxian District was 5.9%， and the incidence of sports injuries was higher in the male than in the female （7.7% to 4%， P<0.05）. The incidence of sports injuries was 9.4% in junior middle school students higher than 5.3% in primary school students and 2.3% in high school students and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The main part of sports injuries was lower limb （29.4%）. 28.9% of the students were absent from school for sports injuries for an average of 6.5 days. The main time of sports injury occurrence was in the school physical education （42.1%）. The main sports of the injuries were ball games （37.1%） and track and field （27.9%）. The causes of sports injuries mainly included lack of concentration （23.9%）， inadequate preparation （21.3%） and unskilled and irregular movements （18.3%）. Conclusion： Junior high school students and the males are the key groups of sports injuries， and comprehensive intervention measures should be taken according to the characteristics of students sports injuries to reduce the incidence of sports injuries in primary and middle school students.

KEY WORDS primary and middle school students；sports injury； investigation

体育运动是增进健康，提高生理功能和运动素质的方法之一。儿童青少年正处于精力旺盛、活泼好动的年龄，运动是其生活中不可缺少的重要组成部分，同时他们也处于生理、心理发育时期，对危险的认识和应变能力较差，易造成运动伤害。运动伤害不仅影响青少年的正常学习和生活，而且伤害严重时还威胁健康和安全，是社会的公共卫生问题，也是1～18岁儿童的首要死因[1]。本文旨在了解奉贤区中小学生运动伤害的发生状况及其影响因素，为进一步实施干预措施提供科学依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

采用分层整群随机抽样方法，抽取区内4所小学和4所中学，在抽取的学校中再以班级为单位，抽取若干班级，抽中的班级全体同学进行问卷调查，共发放调查问卷3 385份，回收有效问卷3 327份，有效率98.3%。本次调查学生3 327人中，男生1 721人，女生1 606人，男女性别比1.07∶1。小学生1 401人，初中生1 112人，高中生814人。

1.2 方法

采用自行设计的问卷，由经过培训的学校卫生专业人员对学生进行问卷调查，调查其过去一年（2015年10月1日至2016年9月30日期间）运动伤害发生情况。……