刘安萍

摘 要 目的：探讨赋能管理在社区慢性病管理中应用的效果。方法：随机整群抽取本社区高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中患者为研究对象，赋能管理干预观察组350例，其中男性170例，女性180例，平均年龄（63.08±3.26）岁，高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中的患者人数分别为156例、131例和63例。对照组400例，其中男性198例，女性202例，平均年龄（62.96±3.73）岁，高血压、糖尿病和脑卒中的患者人数分别为172例、150例和78例。随访观察经过赋能管理干预6个月后的慢性病管理效果。结果：观察组的血压控制达标率、空腹血糖控制达标率、餐后血糖控制达标率和糖化血红蛋白控制达标率均比干预前有明显提高（P均<0.01），对照组干预前后的差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；干预后观察组超重肥胖率、中心性肥胖率以及血脂异常率均比干预前有明显降低（P均<0.01），对照组干预前后差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 ：赋能管理在社区慢性病管理中可产生明显效果。

关键词 慢性病；赋能管理；社区

中图分类号：R181.3+7 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2017）12-0050-02

Effect assessment of application of empowerment management in community chronic disease patients

LIU Anping

（Changzheng Community Health Service Center of Putuo District， Shanghai 200333， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the application effect of empowerment management in community chronic disease management. Methods： By the randomized cluster sampling， the patients with hypertension， diabetes and stroke were selected as the research objects， and 350 patients were included in the intervention group， among them there were 170 males and 180 females， and the mean age was （63.08±3.26） years old. The number of patients with hypertension， diabetes and stroke were 156 cases， 131 cases and 63 cases， respectively. The control group had 400 patients， among them there were 198 males and 202 females， and the mean age was （62.96±3.73） years old. The number of patients with hypertension， diabetes and stroke were 172 cases， 150 cases and 78 cases， respectively. The results of chronic disease management after empowerment management intervention for six months were followed up and observed. Results： After the empowerment management intervention， the rates of blood pressure control， fasting blood glucose control， postprandial blood glucose control and hemoglobin control compliance of the observation group were significantly improved（P<0.01）， and there was no significant difference in the control group before and after intervention（P>0.05）. After the intervention， the rates of overweight and obesity， central obesity rate and dyslipidemia rate were significantly lower than those before the intervention in the observation group（P<0.01）， and there was no significant difference in the control group before and after intervention（P>0.05）. Conclusion： Empowerment management can produce obvious effect in the community chronic disease management.

KEY WORDS chronic disease； empowerment management； community

赋能教育是一种新型的健康教育方法，主要原理是通过激发行动者的内在动力源，最终目的为达到健康行为改变的目标，可以用于患者，也可以扩展应用于相关医护人员[1-3]。通过连续的赋能教育，可以帮助行动者建立正确的认知，认识到自我健康行为管理的责任感等等，指导与鼓励他们做出自我决策。通过赋能达到引导学习者确定符合自身情况的目标与计划，并使之更具行动力[2-3]。赋能的核心其实是激发教育对象的健康管理主动性，作为临床健康教育的一种方法，其常见于社区护理、慢性……