蒋石益+罗霞+陈睿

摘 要 目的：对社区妇女出现的更年期综合征开展更年期保健能有效疏导心理和生理不适症状。方法：2014年6月-2015年6月选择延吉四村、友谊新村45～55岁自愿接受健康课堂干预及随访更年期妇女110名，作为干预组，对其进行包括心理疏导、健康饮食、合理运动、中医调养等干预。另选2个社区110名妇女作为对照组，不开展针对性的健康教育。1年后，对两组进行问卷调查，对比和分析干预后的效果。结果：干预后，干预组的焦虑失眠、潮热心悸、记忆力减退等症状有明显改善。两组干预结果对比差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：对社区更年期妇女开展健康宣教干预有助于调节妇女身心，改善更年期不适症状。

关键词 健康教育 更年期妇女 干预 效果观察

中图分类号：R173 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）12-0054-02

Observation of the effect of community health education class in the intervention of menopausal women

JIANG Shiyi， LUO Xia， CHEN Rui

（Yanji Community Health Service Center of Yangpu District， Shanghai 200093， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To develop menopause health care to alleviate or relieve the psychological and physiological discomfort symptoms for the community women with menopause syndrome. Methods： From June 2014 to June 2015， 110 menopause women aged from 45 to 55 years old were selected in Yenji and Friendship villages， who voluntarily accepted the health class intervention and followed up as an intervention group. The intervention contents included psychological counseling， healthy diet， reasonable exercise， Chinese medicine recuperation and others. Another 110 women were selected to participate in a control group， and the targeted health education was not carried out. After 1 year intervention， two groups were investigated with a questionnaire and the effects of the intervention were compared and analyzed. Results： After the intervention， anxiety and insomnia， palpitation， hot flashes， memory loss and other symptoms were improved significantly in the intervention group， and the differences of the effects between the two groups had the statistical significance（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Development of health education intervention for the menopausal women in the community can help regulate the physical and mental health and improve their menopausal symptoms.

KEY WORDS health education； menopausal women； intervention； effect observation

女性更年期是妇女一生之中必经的生理过程。女性进入更年期后，由于生理功能变化，有些妇女会出现较为严重的症状，主要表现为功能失调性子宫出血、阵发性潮热多汗、烦躁失眠抑郁焦虑等[1]。随着生物—心理—社会医学模式确立，心理医学日益受到临床广泛关注。针对围绝经期妇女出现不同程度身心障碍进行有效的健康教育和心理疏导可缓解或减轻症状。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

选择延吉四村、友谊新村45～55岁更年期妇女110名志愿参与社区组织更年期健康教育护理干预者为干预组，平均年龄52岁。另选2个社区110名妇女为对照组。两组妇女在年龄、更年期症状等方面差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。

1.2 方法

两组妇女均建立个人信息资料。对照组不接受健康宣教及随访，干预组由本社区家庭医生及站点中医医生和社区护士在2014-2015年的4～6月每周六下午1至2点在各自老年活动室开展更年期教育课堂授课，发放更年期保健小册子、张贴宣传画、短信互动等。……