菊花商品种类现状考察
2016-04-07李建民李华擎胡世霞
李建民 李华擎 胡世霞
[摘要] 通过实地调查和文献研究,搞清目前各种菊花商品的主产地和种植、生产加工情况。亳菊、滁菊、贡菊、杭菊、怀菊、祁菊、济菊、川菊等八大菊花商品都有种植生产,以杭菊种植生产最多,贡菊次之。曾经失种的川菊,现已恢复种植,是以保种为主,少量采收加工为川菊商品;济菊是目前种植生产最少的品种,原以药用为主,现主要供茶用,其加工干燥方法也由传统的阴干法改为直接采摘花序经微波杀青后烘干。
[关键词] 菊花;商品种类;现状
[中图分类号] R282 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)02(c)-0093-04
[Abstract] Through field investigation and literature research,find out the main origin of various commodities and Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivation,production and processing production and processing.A clearer idea has been gained on th cultivation and processing of Chrysanthemum morifolium.Boju,Chuju,Gongju,Hangju,Huaiju,Qiju,Jiju,All 8 kinds of Chrysanthemum morifolium have cultivation and processing,Hangju has the most cultivation and processing,Gongju is less then Hangju.Chuanju had been stop production,now is preservation of Chuanju,only a fraction of Chuanju will be processed.Jiju yields poorlest,it used to be medicine before and now it used to be tea.The processing method have changed from traditional dry in the shade of nature to microwave de-enzyme and over drying.
[Key words] Chrysanthemum morifolium;Goods types;Current situation
菊花为常用中药,为菊科植物菊(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)的干燥头状花序,有散风清热,平肝明目,清热解毒之功。用于治疗风热感冒,头痛眩晕,目赤肿痛,眼目昏花,疮痈肿毒[1]。除药用外,菊花也被用于保健茶饮。菊花商品种类众多,根据产地、采收加工方法和栽培品种的不同可分为亳菊、滁菊、贡菊、杭菊、怀菊、祁菊、川菊和济菊八大品种,杭菊又分杭白菊和杭黄菊两个类型。其中亳菊、滁菊、贡菊、杭菊、怀菊收载于《中华人民共和国药典》2015版一部[1]。近年来,各种菊花商品的产区、栽培品种、采收加工方法、主供药用或茶用等情况均有不同程度的发展变化,曾经失种的川菊,现已恢复种植。为研究目前菊花商品的实际状况,笔者自2013年起,对菊花商品种类的实际状况进行了实地调查和文献研究,现将考察结果介绍于下。
1 亳菊
亳菊是药菊中佳品,《中药大辞典》[2]载“白菊……主产安徽亳县,称亳菊,品质最佳”。
