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脑卒中患者心理健康状况与应对方式的相关性研究

2015-08-06刘璐璐等

中国医药导报 2015年17期
关键词:脑卒中

刘璐璐等

[摘要] 目的 探讨脑卒中患者心理健康状况、应对方式及其相关性。 方法 选取2014年1~6月在山东省潍坊市中医院神经内科住院的脑卒中患者280例。应用一般情况调查表、应对方式问卷(CSQ)及症状自评量表(SCL-90)对280例脑卒中患者进行测量,并对测量结果进行比较分析。 结果 SCL-90评分显示总分为(149.21±46.05)分,其中轻度心理问题51例(18.21%),中度心理问题30例(10.71%),重度心理问题15例(5.36%),心理问题的总检出率为34.26%。脑卒中患者的SCL-90各因子均分明显高于全国常模,差异均有高度统计学意义(P < 0.01)。患者在应对方式的选择上,解决问题、求助、自责、退避、幻想、合理化得分依次为(0.37±0.24)、(0.44±0.15)、(0.49±0.19)、(0.75±0.13)、(0.47±0.17)、(0.46±0.19)分;由多到少依次是退避、自责、幻想、合理化、求助、解决问题;SCL-90各因子分与解决问题呈负相关(r < 0.00, P < 0.05),与求助无明显相关(P > 0.05),与自责、退避、幻想、合理化呈正相关(r > 0.20,P < 0.05)。 结论 脑卒中患者的心理健康水平较差,存在较多的心理健康问题,在护理过程中要加以关注,引导患者采用积极的应对方式。

[关键词] 脑卒中;心理健康状况;应对方式;心理学

[中图分类号] R743.3 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)06(b)-0051-04

Relevant research of mental health and coping style in patients with cerebral stroke

LIU Lulu MOU Zuofeng YANG Huixiang SHI Min WAN Huihui WANG Ying

College of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Shandong Province, Weifang 261053, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the mental health status of patients with cerebral stroke, coping styles and the correlation between them. Methods From January to June 2014, in Department of Neurology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 280 patients with cerebral stroke were selected. General situation questionnaire, coping style questionnaire (CSQ) and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) was used to carry out measurements on 280 cerebral stroke patients, the measurement results were used to carry out comparative analysis. Results The SCL-90 score results showed that total scores were (149.21±46.05) scores, included 51 cases mild psychological problems (18.21%), 30 cases moderate psychological problems (10.71%), 15 cases severe psychological problems (5.36%), and the total positive rate was 34.26%. Each factor of SCL-90 in patients with cerebral stroke were obviously higher than those of the national norm, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Patients in the choice of coping modes, problem solving, seeking help, self-accusation, withdrawal, fantasy, rationalization score of cerebral stroke patients were (0.37±0.24), (0.44±0.15), (0.49±0.19), (0.75±0.13), (0.47±0.17), (0.46±0.19) scores; from more to less followed were self-accusation, fantasy, withdrawal, rationalization, problem solving; there were negative correlations between each factor score of SCL-90 and problem solving (r < 0.00, P < 0.05); there was no obvious correlation between seeking help and problem solving (P > 0.05), there were positive correlations between each factor score of SCL-90 and remorse, fantasy, avoidance, rationalization of (r > 0.20, P < 0.05). Conclusion Psychological health level of patients with cerebral stroke is poorer, more mental health problems in the nursing process should be taken attention, guiding the patients to use the mature coping styles.

[Key words] Cerebral stroke; Mental health;Coping style; Psychology

脑卒中(stroke)俗称“中风”,是以突然发病、迅速出现局限性或弥散性脑功能缺损为共同临床特征,为一组器质性脑损伤引起的脑血管病[1]。脑卒中在神经系统中是多发病也是常见病,作为人类死亡的三大主要疾病之一,其致残率占存活者的50%~70%,多数患者出现不同程度的心理障碍,给患者带来身体上的损害和精神上的压力,进而给社会和家庭带来沉重的负担。应对方式是个体在处理应激事件的一种特殊方式,其在很大程度上影响应激的后果或其严重性[2]。脑卒中的发生对患者会造成一定的心理应激反应,是一种相对严重的负性生活事件。因此,此次研究针对脑卒中患者心理健康状况及应对方式进行调查,并探讨二者的相关性,以期为提高心理干预的针对性及提升患者的心理健康水平提供依据。

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