胡先娣 罗济琼 李敏

[摘要] 目的 探讨负压加低瓶穿刺技巧在小儿头皮静脉穿刺中的应用，提高小儿头皮静脉穿刺成功率。 方法 选取2014年1月～2015年1月于广东省大宝山矿业有限公司医院治疗的患儿510例作为研究对象，随机分成两组，观察组和对照组，各255例。对照组采用常规穿刺方法，观察组采用负压加低瓶负压穿刺法，比较两种穿刺方法的穿刺成功率、回血情况、满意度及疼痛程度。 结果 ①穿刺成功率：观察组一次穿刺成功率（94.12%）明显高于对照组（83.53%），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。②回血情况：观察组回血时间明显短于对照组，回血率（96.08%）明显高于对照组（84.71%），差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。③满意度：观察组满意度（97.65%）明显高于对照组（87.06%），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。④疼痛程度：观察组患儿在头皮静脉穿刺时的疼痛程度与对照组比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论 利用负压加低瓶穿刺技巧在小儿头皮静脉穿刺中有效提高了穿刺成功率，减轻了患儿痛苦，减轻了家长的心理压力和经济负担，提高了患儿及家属满意度，可在临床推广应用。

[关键词] 静脉穿刺；负压；低瓶

[中图分类号] R472.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210（2015）06（b）-0116-04

Clinical application of negative pressure plus lowering bottle puncturein skills in child scalp vein puncture

HU Xiandi LUO Jiqiong LI Min

Hospital of Dabaoshan Mineral Industry Co.Ltd.， Guangdong Province， Shaoguan 512127， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the use of negative pressure plus lowering bottle puncturein skills in child scalp vein puncture for improving the success rate of child scalp vein puncture. Methods 510 cases of children in Hospital of Dabaoshan Mineral Industry Co.Ltd. from January 2014 to January 2015 were randomly divided into two groups， the observation group and the control group， there were 255 cases in each group. The control group used conventional puncturein method， and the observation group used negative pressure plus lowering bottle puncturein method. The puncture success rate， blood back， satisfaction and degree of pain of two methods were compared. Results ①Puncture success rate： the puncture success rate of one time in the observation group （94.12%） was significantly higher than the control group （83.53%）， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. ② Blood back： the time of blood back in the observation group was significantly shorter than the control group， the rate of blood back （96.08%） was significantly higher than the control group （84.71%）， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. ③Satisfaction： the satisfaction of the observation group （97.65%） was significantly higher than the control group （87.06%）， the difference was statistically significant （P < 0.05）. ④Degree of pain： compared with control group， the degree of pain in child scalp vein puncture of the observation group was not significant （P > 0.05）. Conclusion The use of negative pressure plus lowering bottle puncturein skills in child scalp vein puncture can effectively improve the puncture success rate， reduce the suffering of children， reduce the psychological stress and financial burden on parents， improve the satisfaction of children and their families， and it is worthy in clinical application.

[Key words] Veni puncture； Negative pressure； Lowering bottle

儿科尤其是婴幼儿患者由于各种疾病需要静脉给药以便于迅速补液、治疗，使患儿的临床症状缓解[1]。由于小儿头部脂肪少，浅表静脉清晰，血管呈网状分布，因此，头皮静脉穿刺是婴幼儿最普遍、最常用给液、给药的一种方法，也是小儿疾病治疗和抢救中的一项基本操作[2]。但由于小儿有好动的天性、配合性差等特点，并且家长对护士期望值过高，希望一次穿刺成功，均加大了穿刺难度[3]。如反复穿刺，家长认为增加了患儿的痛苦，极易引发语言冲突，严重的甚至导致医患纠纷[4]。本研究对2014年1月～2015年1月于广东省大宝山矿业有限公司医院……