植入式静脉输液港与外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管在肿瘤化疗中的临床应用
2015-08-06张晓玲等
张晓玲等


[摘要] 目的 探讨植入式静脉输液港(IVAP)和超声引导下经外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(PICC)在肿瘤化疗患者中的临床应用,为肿瘤患者选择化疗静脉输液通路提供科学合理的选择依据。 方法 选择2013年11月~2014年11月在解放军总医院肿瘤内科住院期间接受化疗的81例IVAP置管患者(IVAP组)和241例PICC置管患者(PICC组),对两组置管一次成功率、管路维护操作时间、置管期间并发症进行比较。 结果 IVAP组一次性置管成功率(98.8%)高于PICC组(90.0%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。IVAP组管路维护的操作时间为(11.22±2.31)min,明显低于PICC组[(15.17±3.65)min],差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。IVAP组导管相关并发症为穿刺点感染(1例)和皮疹(1例),无静脉炎、静脉血栓;PICC组为皮疹(21例)、静脉炎(14例)、静脉血栓(13例)等,多发生在置管72 h内;IVAP组导管相关并发症发生率(2.47%)明显低于PICC组(27.80%),差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。 结论 IVAP明显优于PICC,更适合在肿瘤化疗患者中广泛推广使用。
[关键词] 肿瘤化疗;植入式静脉输液港;PICC置管
[中图分类号] R730.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2015)06(b)-0136-04
Clinical application of implantable venous access port and peripherally inserted central catheter in tumor chemotherapy
ZHANG Xiaoling XU Yingna WANG Dan XIE Jiasi ZHAI Dandan CHEN Zijun
The First Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical application of implantable venous access ports (IVAP) and ultrasound-guided peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC), and provide reasonable evidence for tumor patients undergoing chemotherapy. Methods From November 2013 to November 2014, in Department of Oncology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, 241 patients with PICC (PICC group) and 81 patients with IVAP (IVAP group) were selected, the one-time success rate, pipeline maintenance operation time, complications of catheter period of two groups were analyzed. Results The one-time success rate of IVAP group (98.8%) was higher than that of PICC group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The pipeline maintenance operation time of IVAP group was (11.22±2.31) min, which was less than that of PICC group [(15.17±3.65) min], the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The complications of catheter period in IVAP group were puncture point infection (1 case) and skin rash (1 case), no phlebitis and venous thrombus occrued; those in PICC group were skin rash (21 cases), phlebitis (14 cases), venous thrombus (13 cases) and so on, tending to occur within 72 h, complications incidence rate of catheter period in IVAP group (2.47%) was lower than that in PICC group (27.80%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion IVAP is superior to PICC, and it is more suitable for promotion in patients with tumor chemotherapy.
[Key words] Tumor chenotherapy; Implantable venous access port; Peripherally inserted central catheter
近年来,恶性肿瘤发病率呈持续升高,化疗对恶性肿瘤治疗仍占重要地位。肿瘤患者需要长期静脉应用化疗药物或静脉营养支持,化疗药物对血管的损伤非常大,且很多肿瘤患者同时还伴有糖尿病、高血压、血管栓塞等疾病,因而血管条件普遍较差,因而在穿刺及治疗过程中发生静脉炎的概率明显升高。若化疗药物发生外渗,引起局部组织坏死,降低患者生活质量,增加患者经济负担。植入式静脉输液港(implantable venous port access,IVPA)和外周静脉穿刺中心静脉置管(peripherallg inserted central catheter,PICC)因可以避免反复穿刺、刺激性小、输液安全、使用时间长等优点目前广泛应用于肿瘤患者中[1-3]。IVPA,又称植入式中央静脉导管系统(central venous port access system,CVPAS),是一种完全植入皮下长期留置在体内的闭合静脉输液装置,主要由供穿刺的注射座和静脉导管系统组成,用于各种高浓度药物的使用,减少患者反复静脉穿刺的痛苦和降低护理上静脉治疗的难度,防治刺激性药物对外周浅表静脉的损伤,并且使患者日常生活不受限制,提高频繁输液患者的生活质量[4]。……
