浅谈应试教育背景下初中生学习动机的培养与激发
2014-10-21赵忆美
赵忆美
摘要:随着我国教育改革的不断深化,素质教育被提到了前所未有的高度。但由于我国现阶段的基本国情,应试教育仍然在一定范围和阶段存在并发挥重要影响。在应试教育的长期影响下,初中生学习动机存在诸多问题。初中生处于生理和心理发育的关键期,半成熟半幼稚的心理特点对学习动机产生了影响。同时,初中生的可塑性又为学习动机的培养与激发提供良好的条件,而良好的学习动机对初中生的学业成就甚至一生的发展都至关重要。
关键词:应试教育;初中生;学习动机;培养;激发
Abstract:As the quality education reform in China gets deepened gradually and constantly, it has been put at an ever important place.Due to the fundamental realities of our country at present time, examination-oriented education still exists at certain regions and periods even brings about some vital effects.Under the influence of examination-oriented education for a long time, there are many problems in the learning motivation of junior middle school students.For these students, the middle school period, in which they are half mature and half childish and such a state of mind affects the motivation, is crucial for their physical and mental development.At the same time, the opportunity in shaping and cultivating them provides a great possibility to develop and arouse their learning motivation, which is key to middle students academic achievements even success for life.
Keywords:exam-oriented education,junior middle school students, learning motivation, cultivate and inspire.
我国现阶段的基本国情,应试教育仍然在一定范围和阶段存在并发挥影响。初中生处于青少年早期,该时期的青少年经历着生理上和心理上的巨大变化,他们的心理发展水平有限,身心发展不平衡。僵硬的应试教育模式对该时期的初中生学习动机产生了很大的影响。因此,将应试教育背景下初中生学习动机问题作为单独和特殊的现象来研究,具有很强的教育实践意义。
一、学习动机的涵义与意义
(一)学习动机的涵义
①学习动机就是指引起学生学习活动,维持学习活动,并引起该学习活动趋向教师所设定目标的内在心理历程。简而言之,学习动机就是促使学生学习,提高自己能力的一种动力。它包括内在动力和外在动力,并且学习动机不是单一的结构,而是由各种动力因素组成的复合体。这也就是说判断一个人的学习动机不仅要在维度上看其倾向性,而且在结构上要看其复杂性。……
