李恒伟 王庆国

摘要：通过测定‘黄富士苹果在缺氧条件下挥发性产物含量的变化，分析挥发性成分变化与缺氧伤害的关系，为苹果低氧伤害的预警，保证气调贮藏品质提供基础方法。通过固相微萃取（SPME）技术萃取，采用气相色谱-质谱寐用技术，对缺氧条件下2、4、6、8、10天挥发物进行成分分析。研究发现，随着缺氧时间的延长，苹果中共有18种挥发性成分含量下降，6种挥发性成分上升。筛选出的24种挥发性成分与缺氧伤害存在相关性，可为进一步筛选缺氧预警指标、研究缺氧伤害机理提供参考。

关键词：‘黄富士苹果;缺氧伤害;挥发性物质;预警指标;气相色谱-质谱寐用

中图分类号：TS255.3文献标志码：A论文编号：cjas2021-0131

The Changing Trend of Volatile Components in ‘Yellow FujiApple Under Hypoxia Condition

LI Hengwei，WANG Qingguo

（College of Food Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University，Taian 271000，Shandong，China）

Abstract：The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in volatile product contents of ‘Yellow Fujiapples under hypoxic condition，analyze the relationship between the changes in volatile components and hypoxia injury，and provide a basic method for early warning of hypoxic injury of apples and ensuring the quality of controlled atmosphere storage. The extraction was carried out with solid phase microextraction （SPME）technology，the analysis of volatile components in 2，4，6，8 and 10 days under hypoxic condition was conducted by using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry technology. The study found that with the prolonged period of hypoxia，the contents of a total of 18 volatile components in apple decreased，and the contents of 6 volatile components increased. 24 volatile components screened out were related to hypoxia injury. The study could provide certain references for further screening of hypoxia early warning indicators and research on the mechanism of hypoxia injury.

Keywords：‘Yellow FujiApple;Hypoxia Injury;Volatile Substances;Warning Indicators;GC-MS

0引言

苹果（Malus domestica）是国内的大宗果品之一，它营养丰富，具有很强的抗氧化性，有抗癌减脂等功效[1]。目前国内最常见的苹果贮藏方式為冷库贮藏与气调贮藏[2]，低温环境中苹果对O₂更敏感，短时条件下低浓度O₂可降低苹果生理代谢水平，减少乙烯生物合成，延长苹果采后贮藏期[3]。但长期气调贮藏中过低的氧分压易导致缺氧伤害发生，造成苹果果皮木栓化、果肉组织坏死并伴有浓烈发酵味[4-5]。因此，控制‘富士果实长期气调冷藏过程中的最适、最低O₂浓度尤为重要[6]。近年来苹果超低氧气调逐渐得到应用，但苹果在多种生理伤害与成熟衰老中乙醇释放量均会上升，造成难以判断气调贮藏氧分压是否达到苹果耐受阈值。气相色谱-质谱联用分析具有灵敏、快速、简便、精确等优点，近年来在果蔬挥发性化合物分析领域得到广泛应用。……