陈媛媛 赵宏伟

摘  要：北京高精尖产业是指以首都重大发展需求和重大技术突破为基础，对首都经济社会全局和长远发展具有重大引领支撑作用的产业。文章基于2002—2016年的时间序列数据，利用趋势分析、对比分析等研究方法，分析了北京高精尖产业发展的总体状况、发展特征与演变规律，通过对国内外现状的对比研究发现，找出北京高精尖产业发展存在核心竞争力不足、政府未能把握产业发展规律、政策体系不完善、应对国际形势变化能力不足等问题。对此，文章提出增强能力、把握规律、优化政策、超前布局等具有针对性的对策建议。

关键词：高精尖产业;现状;演变趋势;对策建议

中图分类号：F276 文献标识码：A

DOI：10.19881/j.cnki.1006-3676.2021.05.05

A Study on the Evolution Analysis and Strategies of Beijings Promotion of High-grade，Precision and Advanced Industries

Chen Yuanyuan1  Zhao Hongwei2

（1.Beijing Research Center for Science of Science，Beijing，100089;2.Beijing Academy of Science and Technology，Beijing，100089）

Abstract：Based on major development demands and significant technological breakthroughs in Beijing，high-grade，precision and advanced industries act as a substantial pillar to the economic and social development of Beijing in the long term. This study，based on the time series data of 2002-2016，analyzes the overall situation，development characteristics，and evolution tendency of high-grade，precision and advanced industries in Beijing via methods including trend analysis and contrastive analysis. This study concludes that present challenges posed to the development of these industries include the lack of core competitiveness，incomprehension of industrial development patterns，incompleteness in policy systems，and incompetence in reacting to the changes in international tendencies. Hereto，this study recommends some targeted strategies，including enhancing the ability，understanding the development pattern，optimizing policies，and preparing in advance.

Key words：High-grade，Precision and advanced industries;Status quo;Evolution tendency;Strategy recommendations

一、研究背景

（一）研究现状

迄今为止，国内外对高精尖产业的概念尚未有统一的界定。国外对高精尖产业没有明确的定义，仅在界定产业标准时，提到产业层次的高低差异及实践的标准。国际经济合作与发展组织（Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development简称“OECD”）根据研发经费投入强度来界定高技术产业，依据全球科技发展和研发强度变化将高技术产业分为医药制造业、航空航天器及设备制造业、电子及通信设备制造业、计算机及办公设备制造业、医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业、信息化学品制造业6类。美国的高端产业的鉴定有两个标准：一是产业中每个工人的研发支出超过450美元，这大于或等于全行业标准的80%;二是产业中获得STEM（科学、技术、工程和数学）学位的人数必须高于全国平均水平，或者在本行业中所占份额高达21%。……