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甜瓜多种真菌病害拮抗细菌NBmelon-1的鉴定及其促生和生防效果

2021-08-23郝芳敏臧全宇马二磊丁伟红王毓洪黄芸萍

中国瓜菜 2021年7期

郝芳敏 臧全宇 马二磊 丁伟红 王毓洪 黄芸萍

摘    要:从甜瓜根部分离纯化获得一株多粘类芽孢杆菌NBmelon-1,探究其对甜瓜及甜瓜病害的影响。采用平板对峙法对拮抗菌株筛选鉴定,发现对甜瓜多种真菌病害的病原菌均有抑制作用,例如尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum)、黑点根腐病菌(Monosporascus cannonballus)、蔓枯病菌(Didymalla bryoniae)、层生镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)、亚洲镰刀菌(F. asiaticum)和链格孢(Alternaria alternata)等;采用苗期灌根的方法,发现NBmelon-1对甜瓜幼苗的生长具有促生作用,甜瓜幼苗的茎粗、叶片大小、鲜质量与对照相比均有显著提高;盆栽实验表明,其对甜瓜枯萎病具有良好的生防潜力,相对防治效果为52.76%,可很好地防治甜瓜枯萎病。

关键词:甜瓜;多粘类芽孢杆菌;NBmelon-1;甜瓜枯萎病;生防潜力

中图分类号:S652    文献标志码:A   文章编号:1673-2871(2021)07-014-06

Identification, biocontrol and growth promoting effects of antagonistic bacteria NBmelon-1 of various fungal diseases in melon

HAO Fangmin, ZANG Quanyu, MA Erlei, DING Weihong, WANG Yuhong, HUANG Yunping

(Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China)

Abstract: In this study, a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa NBmelon-1 was isolated and purified from the diseased roots of melon, which has good inhibitory effect on the pathogen of various fungal diseases of melon, such as Fusarium oxysporum, Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymalla Bryoniae, F. proliferatum, F. asiaticum and Alternaria alternata, and showed strong antagonistic activity on the plate. Furthermore, NBmelon-1 could promote the growth of melon seedlings, and significantly increased the stem diameter, leaf size and fresh weight of melon seedlings compared with the control. In addition, pot experiment also showed that it had biocontrol potential to control the melon fusarium wilt, and the relative control effect was 52.76%.

Key words: Melon; Paenibacillus polymyxa; NBmelon-1; Fusarium wilt; Biocontrol potential

甜瓜(Cucumis melo)是我国重要的经济作物、传统的夏食水果之一,属于葫芦科黄瓜属甜瓜种,是一年生草本植物[1]。但是在设施栽培中,甜瓜病害一直是生产上的难题,特别是尖孢镰刀菌甜瓜专化型病菌(Fusarium oxysporum)引起的甜瓜枯萎病[2]、黑点根腐病菌(Monosporascus cannonballus)引起的甜瓜黑点根腐病[3]、蔓枯病菌(Didymalla bryoniae)引起的甜瓜蔓枯病[4]、亚洲镰刀菌(F. asiaticum)引起的甜瓜果腐病[5]、层生镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)引起的甜瓜根茎腐[6]及链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)引起的甜瓜叶斑病[7]等。目前对于大棚甜瓜病害的防治,主要依赖于化学防治方法,但是长期使用农药,病原菌会产生耐药性,以及造成环境污染和农药残留等问题。因此需要一些对环境更为友好的替代防治措施,而生物防治就是其中之一。

多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)是一种革兰氏阳性菌,一类对植物根部有益的细菌,对植物的生防和促生都有一定的作用[8]。……

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