吴承金 陈火云 宋威武

摘    要：在恩施种植马铃薯品种资源100份，调查及测定了36个质量性状和9个数量性状，并进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析，为选育適宜西南山区春种马铃薯新品种及生产利用提供参考。结果表明，质量性状中托叶形状、叶表面光泽度、叶缘、顶小叶形状、柱头长短、花冠大小、茎翼形状的遗传多样性指数为3.218 9～3.912 0，相比其他性状遗传多样性丰富;数量性状中株高、粗蛋白含量、产量等遗传多样性指数较高，均为4.605 2。供试材料的株高、主茎粗、主茎数、还原糖含量均与产量呈极显著正相关，其他性状与产量呈正相关，但未达到显著水平。聚类分析结果表明，供试资源可分为6个类群，其中以Ⅴ、Ⅵ类群马铃薯品种数量最多，Ⅲ、Ⅳ类群次之，Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群最少，仅占总数的19%;相比其他类群，Ⅰ、Ⅱ类群品种具有高产、植株高大、营养物质含量较高等特性，可作为选育西南山区春种高产优质马铃薯新品种的亲本材料。

关键词：马铃薯;种质资源;质量性状;数量性状;遗传多样性;聚类分析

中图分类号：S532 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-043-07

Comprehensive evaluation of phenotypic and quality characters of potato cultivars in China

WU Chengjin， CHEN Huoyun， SONG Weiwu

（Southern China Potato Research Center in Enshi of Hubei/Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Tuber and Root Crops in Central China， Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center， Western Hubei Comprehensive Test Station， Enshi 445000， Hubei， China）

Abstract： One hundred potato varieties were planted in Enshi， 36 qualitative traits and 9 quantitative traits were investigated and measured， and genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were carried out， so as to breed new potato varieties suitable for spring planting and production in southwest mountainous areas. The results showed that the genetic diversity index of stipule shape， leaf surface gloss， leaf margin， apical leaflet shape， stigma length， corolla size， and stem wing shape in the quality traits ranged from 3.218 9 to 3.912 0， compared with other traits.Abundant; high genetic diversity indexes such as plant height， crude protein content， and yield in quantitative traits are all 4.605 2.The plant height， main stem thickness， main stem number， and reducing sugar content of the tested materials were all significantly positively correlated with yield， while other traits were positively correlated with yield， but did not reach significant levels. The cluster analysis results show that the test resources can be divided into six groups.Among them， group V and group VI have the most potato varieties， group III and group IV are the next， group I and group II are the least， accounting for only 19% of the total; Compared with other groups， the varieties of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ are characterized by high yield， taller plants and higher nutrient content， and can be used as parent materials for breeding new high-yield and high-quality potato varieties in the southwest mountainous area.

Key words：Potato; Germplasm resources; Quality character; Quantitative character; Genetic diversity; Clustering analysis

马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum L.）属于茄科茄属一年生草本植物，是世界上第四大粮食作物，也是我国重要的经济作物之一[1-2]。马铃薯不仅是为发展中地区提供粮食安全保障的关键作物，还是一种高营养食品，富含维生素C、钾元素、膳食纤维等[3-5]。高产、优质、富营养等特型马铃薯品种越来越受到关注，而种质资源是品种改良和选育的重要物质基础[6-7]。近年来，众多学者已采用不同方法对马铃薯资源农艺性状及其遗传多样性开展研究[8-12]，但针对我国新育成马铃薯品种资源在鄂西高山地区的适应性研究较少，并且对表型性状的调查不够详尽，可挖掘的优质资源有限。……