孟雪娇 史庆馨 许春梅 冯一新 高永利 沙春艳 陈立新

摘    要：十字花科蔬菜黑腐病是由野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种引起的世界性的重要病害之一。近年来，黑龙江省大白菜黑腐病增加，因此有必要对其进行研究。以黑龙江省哈尔滨市和依兰县感染黑腐病的大白菜叶片为试材，分离纯化病原菌，获得3株病原菌。应用分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌，以细菌通用引物16S rRNA对该病原菌进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增测序分析，发现该病原菌均与Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 具有分别为99.71%、100.00%和99.93%的一致性。根据分离菌的表型特征及分子特征，鉴定分离的病原菌为大白菜黑腐病的致病菌-野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种。

关键词：大白菜;黑腐病;野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种;黑龙江

中图分类号：S634.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-020-05

Isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteria of black rot in Chinese cabbage in Heilongjiang

MENG Xuejiao1，2， SHI Qingxin2， XU Chunmei2， FENG Yixin2， GAO Yongli2， SHA Chunyan2， CHEN Lixin2

（1. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme， Harbin 150086， Heilongjiang， China; 2. Horticultural Sub-academy， Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Harbin 150069， Heilongjiang， China）

Abstract： The black rot of cruciferous vegetable caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris is one of the most important diseases in the world. In recently years， the incidence of black rot of the chinese cabbage has increased in Heilongjiang Province， therefore， pathogen was isolated and identified. The leaves of Chinese cabbage infected by black rot were used as test materials in Yilan county and Haerbin city in Heilongjiang province. The pathogens were isolated and purified， and three pathogenic strains were obtained. The pathogenic bacterias were identified by molecular biological methods， their 16S rRNA were amplified by PCR with the universal primer 16S. It was found that the sequences of pathogens were 99.71%， 100.00%， and 99.93% consistent with that of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris， respectively. The isolated strain were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris based on their phenotepic and molecular characteristics.

Key words： Chinese cabbage; Black rot; Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris; Heilongjiang

黑腐病主要危害十字花科蔬菜叶片、叶球和球茎，十字花科蔬菜黑腐病是由野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种[Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris （Pam.） Dowson]引起的世界性的重要病害之一[1]。黑腐病的寄主范圍相当广泛，主要危害甘蓝[2-4]、结球白菜[3，5]、不结球白菜[3，5]等。大白菜幼苗期即可发病，但以成株发病为主。

由于气候条件变化、多茬栽培和国外春大白菜品种的引进，黑腐病对蔬菜生产的威胁日趋扩大。20世纪80 年代全国各地已经普遍流行，北起黑龙江、南至海南岛均有分布，大白菜的产量受到很大损失，且品质受到很大影响[6-8]。因此，黑腐病不仅是世界、也是我国大白菜的主要病害之一[9]。

国内对黑腐病菌的研究主要有：芦燕[8]对……