添加蘑菇渣在西瓜基质栽培中的应用效果
2021-08-23黄楠刘继培赵跃周婕李桐李飒
黄楠 刘继培 赵跃 周婕 李桐 李飒



摘 要:为适应生态农业发展要求,以蘑菇渣、常规基质(草炭、珍珠岩、蛭石)作为西瓜栽培基质原料,按照不同比例与定量生物有机肥进行混合,比较不同基质配比水平下西瓜的产量及品质指标。结果表明,在V蘑菇渣∶V常规基质∶V生物有机肥=4.5∶4.5∶1配比水平下,西瓜中心可溶性固形物、边部可溶性固形物、总糖、番茄红素、β-胡萝卜素等的含量(w,后同)均最高,分别为13.30%、10.33%、11.50 g·100 g-1、0.441 mg·100 g-1、0.065 mg·100 g-1;西瓜中总酸含量最低,为1.12 g·kg-1。在V蘑菇渣∶V常规基质∶V生物有机肥=9∶0∶1配比水平下,西瓜的产量最高,为2 888.25 kg·667 m-2;西瓜维生素C含量最高,达到7.80 mg·100 g-1。综上所述,添加蘑菇渣对西瓜产量与品质具有一定的促进作用,在V蘑菇渣∶V常规基质∶V生物有机肥=4.5∶4.5∶1配比水平下,西瓜综合品质最优,但添加量应综合考虑,建议与常规基质添加量平衡配比。
关键词:西瓜;蘑菇渣;基质栽培
中图分类号:S651 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)07-039-04
Study on application effect of adding mushroom residue in watermelon substrate cultivation
HUANG Nan1, LIU Jipei2, ZHAO Yue1, ZHOU Jie1, LI Tong1, LI Sa2
(1. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Daxing District, Beijing 102600, China;2. Soil and Fertilier Extension Station of Daxing District, Beijing 102600, China)
Abstract: In order to adapt the requirements of the development of ecological agriculture, the mushroom residue and conventional substrate were used as substrate materials for watermelon cultivation. The different substrate ratios were compared. The results showed that, under the ratio of V mushroom residue∶V conventional substrate∶V bioorganic fertilizer = 4.5∶4.5∶1, the yield, central SSC, SSC at the edge, total sugar, total acid, lycopene and β-carotene of watermelon were the best, the contents were 2 888.25 kg·667 m-2, 13.30%, 10.33%, 11.50 g·100 g-1, 1.12 g·kg-1, 0.441 mg·100 g-1, 0.065 mg·100 g-1。Under the ratio of V mushroom residue∶V conventional matrix∶V biological organic fertilizer = 9∶0∶1, the vitamin C content of watermelon was the highest,the contents was 7.80 mg·100 g-1. Therefore, the addition of mushroom residue, the yield and quality of watermelon could be promoted, but the adding ratio of mushroom residue should be considered comprehensively. The study suggested to equal with the conventional substrate.
Key words: Watermelon; Mushroom residue; Substrate cultivation
西瓜作為我国大宗经济作物,具有悠久的种植历史。随着都市农业的兴起,西瓜种植生产需要向标准化、生态化、产业化发展。基质栽培是西瓜栽培常见的无土栽培模式,对于西瓜栽培基质配比技术,学者们也做了相关研究[1]。黄金艳等[2]、马超等[3]从西瓜基质栽培技术规程方面分别在南方地区与北方地区做了相关研究。袁培祥[4-5]筛选了腐熟小麦秸秆与玉米秸秆作为大棚西瓜栽培的最佳基质配方。陈四明等[6]研究了不同槽式基质栽培方式对西瓜的影响。戴照义等[7]、崔广禄[8]针对基质配方的筛选以及不同基质配比对西瓜产量品质的影响做了具体研究。……
