吕兆明 王福国 赵艳艳

摘 要：为了克服砂田西瓜连作障碍，提高西瓜对枯萎病等土传病害的抗性，采用嫁接育苗及砂田地膜覆盖移栽的方法种植西瓜。结果表明，2种砧木嫁接西瓜均能克服连作障碍，提高对枯萎病等土传病害的抗性，并且对提高砂田西瓜品质和产量有显著作用。其中，南瓜砧木嫁接当地主栽西瓜品种金城5号，砧木根系抗枯萎病效应更加明显;嫁接西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量10.23%，自根西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量10.9%，两者无显著差异;果皮厚度平均在15 mm以上，品质优，耐贮运;商品瓜率提高124.71%，667 m2增产2302.82 kg，可作为甘肃省白银地区硒砂瓜嫁接栽培优质砧木品种。同时该结果可为干旱半干旱地区砂田西瓜栽培提供技术参考。

关键词：西瓜;压砂田;砧木嫁接;地膜覆盖;产量;品质

中图分类号：S651 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）07-035-04

Effects of different rootstocks on growth， yield and fruit quality of grafted

watermelon in plastic-mulched sand-field

L? Zhaoming1， WANG Fuguo2， ZHAO Yanyan1

（1. The Agri-tech Extension Service Center of Baiyin Municipality， Baiyin， Gansu 730900， China; 2. Station of Industrial Crop Promotion of Gansu Province， Lanzhou 730030， Gansu， China）

Abstract： To overcome continuous cropping obstacles and improve resistance to soil-borne disease such as  Fusarium wilt， watermelon grafting and transplanting were used in mulched sand-field in this experiment. The results show that the local main watermelon cultivar Jincheng No. 5 grafted with 2 rootstocks can improve watermelon resistance to soil-borne diseases， overcome continuous cropping obstacles， enhance fruit quality and increase watermelon yield significantly. Watermelon cultivar Jincheng No. 5 grafted with pumpkin rootstock gives better soil-borne disease resistance， central SSC（Soluble Sugar Content） reaches 10.23% and approximately equal to self-rooted watermelon（10.9%）， the average fruit rind is thick than 15mm， fruit quality， storage and transportation performance were also improved， commercial fruit percentage was enhanced by 40.81% and commercial fruit yield was increased by 2 302.82 kg·667 m-2. Pumpkin rootstock can be recommended as qualified rootstock in Se-enriched sand-field watermelon culture in Baiyin. This paper also gives a reference for the cultivation of watermelon in sand-field in arid and semi-arid areas.

Key words： Watermelon; Sand-field; Rootstock graft; Plastic -mulch; Yield; Quality

壓砂田是指在雨水稀少的旱田土壤表面，铺一层由不同粒径的石砾、粗砂和细砂组成的混合体。这种覆盖在土壤表面上的混合体具有明显的蓄水、保墒、增温、压碱和保持地力等作用，砂石逐步风化时，还可为土壤提供丰富的微量元素。砂田种植西瓜[1-2]是干旱少雨地区农民长期与干旱斗争过程中探索出的一种特有的栽培模式，采用这种覆盖模式生产的西瓜由于糖类成分的合成与积累丰富，外在感官和内在品质都具有独特优势，肉质红润、汁多味甘、籽小且少、韧性耐贮、口感极佳，是人们每年盛夏的消暑佳品。采用砧木嫁接西瓜栽培[3-5]能克服连作障碍，提高西瓜的适应性和对枯萎病等土传病害的抗性，从而保证栽培西瓜品质和产量。……