初中文言文词语教学小议
2021-08-09姜磊
姜磊


【摘 要】文言文作为我国传统文化的载体,在大力弘扬传统文化的今天显得越发重要。对于古文中存在的古今异义的词,尽管教师进行了精心的讲授,学生学起来仍然会感到吃力。本文力求对汉字追本溯源,激发学生的文言兴趣,在此基础上进行方法的指导,最后帮助学生达到学以致用、参悟人生的真谛的目的。
【关键词】文言文;实词;追本溯源; 授之以渔; 学以致用
中图分类号:G633 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0493-2099(2021)20-0076-02
Discussion on the Teaching of Classical Chinese Words in Junior Middle School
(Hongqiao Middle School Affiliated to Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China) JIANGLei
【Abstract】As the carrier of Chinese traditional culture, classical Chinese is becoming more and more important today when we vigorously promote traditional culture. Regarding the different meanings of ancient and modern words that exist in ancient Chinese, even though teachers have carefully taught them, students will still find it difficult to learn them. This article strives to trace the origin of Chinese characters, stimulate students' interest in classical Chinese, and provide guidance on methods based on this, and finally help students achieve the purpose of applying what they have learned and understanding the true meaning of life.
【Keywords】Classical Chinese; Content words; Trace to the source; Teach him to fish; Put this to use
因为汉字是表意文字,本文从字形结构的角度出发,追本溯源,探究其本义和引申义,试图把文言文实词中的义项有机联系起来,让学生能够阅读浅易的文言文。
一、追本溯源,激发文言兴趣
为探究汉字的本源,许慎“六书”自问世以来得到了学者们的广泛推崇,他们开始研究汉字,而且客观地指明了汉字构形的本质,把繁复的汉字统领于简单精辟的“六书”之中,成了研究汉字的基本理论和核心内容,在初中文言词语教学中易于被学生掌握和应用。下面仅对“六书”中的前四种造字方法进行举例说明。
(一)象形字
例如:高
从“高”字演变图形来看,“高”是象形字,像楼台层叠形
1.本义:形容词,高,由下至上距离大,离地面远。例如:城非不高也,池非不深也。——《孟子·公孙丑下》
2.可以应用为名词词性。例如:山不在高,有仙则名。——唐·刘禹锡《陋室铭》
3.引申义:等级在上,超越流俗或者标准。例如:居庙堂之高,则忧其民。——宋·范仲淹《岳阳楼记》。教师授课中,可以依照演变图形强调“高”的本义为形容词,告诉学生这个义素还可以应用为名词,从具体的、可感知的“高”变为抽象的“高”,将形容词、名词以及引申的意义联系起来。……
