房英杰 宋文利 朱玉龙 范连军 任杰 何志海 李丽

摘 要：采用文献资料、访谈、逻辑分析等研究方法，对冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会（简称：冬残奥会）冬季两项运动项目的特点进行分析，提出我国2022年北京冬残奥会冬季两项实现突破的制胜规律，为我国冬残奥会国家队实施更加科學和针对性的训练提供参考。研究认为：（1）项目特点：冬残奥会冬季两项的项目设置、比赛距离、运动员分级及比赛器具等均存在其独特性;耐力、速度和力量是身体素质训练的关键;有氧代谢为主导，射击时呼吸节奏平稳;射击步枪提前放在赛场上，均采用卧姿，射击时心理状态与射击技术的稳定性是核心，视力残疾运动员需提供具有声音信号指引功能的设备;滑雪技术采用传统式或自由式均可，视力障碍运动员可配一名引导员。（2）制胜规律：提高动、静转化能力，提升“准”的技能，发展运动员运动智能水平和过硬的心理素质，具备快速适应比赛环境的能力，重点布局女子项目。

关键词：残疾人;冬奥会;冬季两项;特点;制胜规律

中图分类号：G808

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-2808（2021）03-0041-05

Abstract：This paper puts forward the winning rules for the 2022 winter paralympic games in China， so as to provide reference for the implementation of more scientific and targeted training of the winter paralympic national team. Analyzes the characteristics of biathlon in the winter paralympic games by means of literature， interview and logical analysis， and The results show that the setting， distance， level and apparatus of biathlon in winter paralympic games all have their uniqueness; Endurance speed and strength are key qualities; Aerobic metabolism is dominant， and the breathing rhythm is steady while shooting.The shooting rifle should be placed on the field in advance， and the posture should be lying down，the psychology and the stability of shooting technique are the core. Athletes with visual disabilities should provide equipment with sound signal guiding function; Traditional or freestyle skiing techniques can be used， Athletes with visual disabilities can be accompanied by an instructor; The rule of winning biathlon in winter paralympic games in China is to

improve the ability of moving and static transformation， improve the skills of “accurateness”， develop the athletes sports intelligence level and excellent psychological quality， and have the ability to quickly adapt to the environment and key layout womens events.

Key words：Paralympic;Winter paralympic games; Biathlon; Characteristics; the winning rule

第二次世界大战之后，由于受伤的士兵积极参加滑雪运动，冬季残疾人运动逐渐地发展起来。冬残奥会起步较晚，1976年第一届冬残奥会在瑞典成功举办[1]。冬季两项于1988年在奥地利因斯布鲁克第4届冬季残奥会上被列为比赛项目，仅限肢体残疾的运动员参赛，1992年视力残疾的运动员也有资格参赛。

冬残奥会冬季两项从1988年第4届到2002年第8届，比赛项目分别设置了3项、4项、10项、12项、6项，项目设置较少而且不稳定[2]。……